薹肥施用时期对垄作摆栽油菜群体结构的影响  

Effects of application time for bolting fertilizer on population structure of rapeseed transplanted on ridge

作　　者：晋晨[1] 李苗苗[1] 葛家颖[2] 杨朝华[2] 朱庆洋 崔艳梅[1] 金尤雅 左青松[1] 杨光[1] 冷锁虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]溧阳市农林局,江苏常州213300

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2016年第1期98-103,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农机三新工程项目(NJ2015-26;NJ2014-28);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC(2014)301);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;扬州市科技计划(YZ2014034;YZ2014172)

摘　　要：为探讨合适的薹肥施用时间,研究垄作摆栽油菜主茎节间长和冠层结构,以移栽的宁杂1818为材料,基肥每公顷施375kg复合肥(氮磷钾含量各为16%)、187.5kg尿素和15kg硼砂;薹肥每公顷施225 kg复合肥和150kg尿素。以常规薹肥施用时期,即薹高10cm时施用薹肥为对照(CK),另设2个处理:分别在薹高30cm和50cm时施用薹肥,研究产量、植株主茎长、结角点高度和枝序产量比例等指标。结果发现:(1)薹肥施用越早,主茎越长,主花序越短,植株越高。(2)薹高50cm施用薹肥的植株主茎结角起点低,结角层最厚,结角层的光合生产力最高。(3)3个不同的薹肥施用时期下,薹高50cm施用薹肥的处理得到的油菜角果数和每角粒数最多,千粒重最大,产量也最高。说明宁杂1818在薹高50cm时追施薹肥可以使植株群体结构更合理,产量构成因素更协调,获得高于4 000kg/hm^2以上的产量。To find out the most effective application time of bolting fertilizer on rapeseed,ridge transplanted（ on October 25 th,2013） cultivar Ningza 1818（ Brassica napus L.） was investigated. In base fertilizer,375 kg /hm^2 compound fertilizer（ with N- P- K,16%- 16%- 16%）,187. 5kg / hm^2 urea and 15 kg / hm^2 boron fertilizer were used. In bolting fertilizer,225 kg / hm^2 compound fertilizer and 150 kg / hm^2 urea were used. 3 application dates for bolting fertilizer application were choosen,which were the time when the plant stem heights were 10cm（ CK）,30 cm and 50 cm. Internode length,canopy structure and yield of the transplanted rapeseed were investigated after the bolting fertilizer application. Result showed that earlier bolting fertilizer led to longer main stem,taller plant,and shorter rachis length. The later bolting fertilizer application led to lower main stem pod starting point,thicker canopy,and higher productivity of canopy structure. Among the 3 treatments,the yield of the latest treatment was the highest,with more pods and greater 1 000- seed weight. It could be concluded that when the bolting fertilizer was applied at the period of 50 cm stem height of Ningza 1818,the rapeseed produced higher yield resulted from better population structure. The higher yield exceeded 4 000 kg / hm^2.

关 键 词：油菜 垄作摆栽 薹肥 施用时期 产量 

分 类 号：S565.406[农业科学—作物学]