不同生境下福寿螺的可量性状特征、种群结构和密度效应  

Measurable characters,population structure and density effect of Pomacea canaliculata in different habitats

作　　者：房苗 徐猛[1] 罗渡[1] 牟希东[1] 顾党恩[1] 胡隐昌[1] 章家恩[3] 罗建仁[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广州510380 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]华南农业大学农学院生态学系,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第3期747-754,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31400487);NSFC-广东省联合基金(U1131006);农业部外来生物入侵防治项目(2130108)资助

摘　　要：对广东省11个地区中4种不同生境下福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)种群的可量性状特征、年龄结构、性比和密度效应进行了对比研究。结果表明:福寿螺的可量性状特征在不同生境之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),体重与壳高之间关系符合异速生长方程,且不同生境下有不同的异速指数;福寿螺种群在不同生境条件下有不同的年龄结构,稻田、沟渠中种群表现为增长型,废田、池塘中种群表现为稳定型;生境因素对福寿螺的性比没有显著影响(P>0.05),但对性比与体重的关系影响显著(P<0.05);福寿螺种群增长受密度制约,不同生境下的密度制约效应存在差异,沟渠中最小,池塘中最大,稻田和废田居中。本研究表明,生境条件对福寿螺的可量性状特征、种群结构均有显著的影响,不同生境下福寿螺种群的增长潜力也不同,需要制定有针对性的防控措施。A comparative study on measurable characters,age structure,sex ratio and density dependence of Pomacea canaliculata populations from 4 habitats in 11 areas of Guangdong Province were conducted. The results showed that measurable characters of P. canaliculata significantly differed among habitats（ P 0.05）. The relationship between body mass and shell height conformed to the allometric equation with different allometric indexes in different habitats. The age structure of P. canaliculata was different among different habitats,with expanding populations in the paddy fields and ditches and stable populations in the waste paddy fields and ponds.The habitat did not significantly affect sex ratio（ P〉0.05）,but it significantly influenced the relationship between sex ratio and body weight（ P〈0.05）. The population growth of P. canaliculata was density-dependent and the effect of density dependence was different among 4 habitats with the smallest value in the ditch,middle in the paddy field and waste paddy field,maximum in the pond. Our study suggested that the measurable characters and population structure of P. canaliculata populations were significantly affected by habitat conditions. Given its different growth potentials in different habitats,specific prevention and control measures should be drafted to manage this invasive species.of Fishery Sciences,

关 键 词：生境条件 福寿螺 年龄结构 性比 密度制约 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]