疏勒河流域景观生态风险评价与生态安全格局优化构建  

Landscape ecological risk assessment and landscape security pattern optimization in Shule River Basin

作　　者：潘竟虎[1] 刘晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第3期791-799,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361040);甘肃省高校基本科研业务费项目(2014-63)资助

摘　　要：以疏勒河流域为研究区域,利用RS和GIS技术,建立基于景观格局的景观生态风险指数,分析研究区域内景观生态风险的时空变化特征和聚集模式。利用最小累积阻力模型,以自然保护区、水域、林地等作为生态"源地",以生态安全水平、海拔和坡度作为阻力因子生成阻力面,构建流域生态安全格局,识别潜在廊道和节点,建立优化后的生态安全网络。结果表明:疏勒河流域北部的生态风险高于南部,生态风险水平在30年间有所改善,1980—1995年生态风险等级退化的区域主要位于流域西南部和东部;1995—2010年等级退化的区域面积小于1980—1995年。景观生态风险指数在空间上呈正的自相关性,30年间空间自相关程度有所减弱,空间趋同性逐渐降低。优化后的生态网络将生态源地、潜在廊道和节点等景观组分结合,充分利用已有的河流水系,打通廊道,避开城镇工矿用地和交通干线,并在生态脆弱区设置关键点作为物种扩散的"踏板"。Taking Shule River Basin as a case,this paper analyzed landscape ecological risk variability by establishing a risk index based on landscape pattern and process using GIS and RS technology. Spatial-temporal processes and aggregation characteristics of ecological risk were analyzed. Minimum cumulative resistance model was used to build river basin ecological security pattern with taking natural reserves,waters,forest lands as the ＂source＂,and ecological security level,elevation and slope as resistance factors to generate resistance surface. The potential corridors and nodes were identified and the optimized ecological security network was established. Results showed that the ecological risk level in the north of Shule River Basin was higher than that in the south. In general,the ecological security level in the Shule River Basin had been improved in recent 30 years. From 1980 to 1995,the areas of Shule River Basin with degraded ecological security level were mainly located in the southwest and the east; the area with degraded ecological security level during 1995-2010 was less than that during 1980-1995. The landscape risk index presented a positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial autocorrelation degree weakened during the past 30 years,which indicated a reduction in spatial convergence. The optimized ecological network made full use of the existing river system to get through the corridors,and avoid urban industrial land,mining land and transportation lines. Also,the optimized ecological network combined ecological source region,potential corridors,potential nodes and other landscape components,and set up key points in the ecologically fragile regions as the ＂pedals＂of species dispersal.

关 键 词：景观生态风险评价 空间自相关 最小累积阻力 生态安全 疏勒河 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P901[天文地球—自然地理学]