二噁英生成机理及减排方法研究进展  

Progress of formation mechanisms and emission reduction methods of PCDD/Fs

作　　者：罗阿群 刘少光[2,3] 林文松[1] 谷东亮 陈成武 

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学材料工程学院,上海201620 [2]浙江大学材料科学与工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [3]上海瀚昱环保材料有限公司,上海201699

出　　处：《化工进展》2016年第3期910-916,共7页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

摘　　要：二噁英作为一种具有剧毒并且对生态环境和人类健康有着巨大危害的持久性有机污染物,引起了国际社会的广泛关注,为了减少二噁英对生态环境以及人类健康产生的潜在威胁,世界各国的学者对二噁英理化性质以及生成机理进行了深入的研究。本文详细介绍了二噁英相关的理化性质以及生成二噁英的3种机理,包括高温气相机理、前体合成机理以及从头合成机理。高温气相机理属于高温同相合成反应,需在相对较高的温度下进行,合成量很小;前体合成机理和从头合成机理均属于低温异相催化合成反应,且在有飞灰的情况下,在较低的温度下就能合成大量的二噁英,不同的燃烧状态对这两种合成机理有很大的影响;而根据二噁英的生成机理采取有效的过程控制方法可以极大地减少二噁英的生成量,本文为抑制二噁英的合成介绍了几种可行的过程控制方法。Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans（PCDD/Fs） are a series of persistent organic pollutants with acute toxicity that trigger a great number of negative effects on the ecological environment and human physical health which have aroused wide attentions of international community. In order to eliminate the potential threaten to the ecological and human physical health caused by the PCDD/Fs,the academicians from various countries have been intensively studying the physicochemical properties and formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs. The detailed physicochemical properties and three types of the formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs are given in this paper,including high temperature gas-phase mechanism,precursor synthesis mechanism and de novo synthesis mechanism. The high temperature gas-phase mechanism applies to homogeneous synthesis reaction which needs relative high temperature to synthesize a trace amount of PCDD/Fs. The precursor synthesis mechanism and de novo synthesis mechanism both apply to the heterogeneous catalysis synthesis reaction which can synthesize a large amount of PCDD/Fs with the existence of fly ash under a relative low temperature. Different combustion states have great influence on the two types of synthesis mechanisms. According to the formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs,taking effective process control methods can greatly reduce the amount of PCDD/Fs,therefore several feasible process control methods have been introduced for the control of the synthesis of PCDD/Fs.

关 键 词：二噁英 环境 催化合成反应 过程控制 生成机理 

分 类 号：X783[环境科学与工程—环境工程]