基于贝壳表面形态的内燃机活塞仿生设计  

Bionic design for internal engine piston based on shell surface form

作　　者：吴波[1,2] 丛茜[1] 孙天宇 刘鸿涛[4] 田为军[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室和汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,吉林长春130022 [2]长春工程学院工程训练中心,吉林长春130012 [3]长春祈健生物制品有限公司工程维修部,吉林长春130012 [4]长春工程学院水利与环境工程学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2016年第2期205-210,共6页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375205);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(51305157;51308066);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20130522105JH);吉林省高等教育学会资助项目(JGJX2015D196);广东省创新方法与决策管理系统重点实验室开放课题

摘　　要：内燃机活塞-缸套系统摩擦减小对节能减排产生巨大影响。以LX-2V型汽车内燃机为试验母体。将贝壳表面的减阻、耐磨条纹形态应用于内燃机中的主要摩擦副—活塞裙部上。制定三水平三因素正交实验方案。在裙部最恶劣工况下,对标准活塞和9个仿生活塞模型进行有限元接触分析,得出三个最典型试验指标,并将其对比研究。采用极差分析法进行试验优化设计。最后,选取标准活塞、最优性能仿生活塞、最优组合活塞,进行内燃机耐久性台架试验。结果表明:仿生活塞在卸载活塞回油孔集中应力和减阻、耐磨性能均高于标准活塞;仿生活塞平均磨损量较标准活塞减小了42.9%;仿生活塞平均气缸压力变化率较标准活塞平稳性提高了50.2%。Considering the huge numbers of internal combustion engines in use worldwide,even a small reduction in the friction of the piston-cylinder sleeve system would greatly impact energy conservation and emission reduction.In this paper,we use the LX-2V engine as a test matrix. First,we applied drag reduction and a wear-resistant stripe pattern on a shell＇s surface to the main friction pair of the internal combustion engine-piston skirt. We then constructed a three-level and three-factor orthogonal test plan. Under the worst skirt conditions,we analyzed the finite element contact for the standard piston and nine bionic piston models,and obtained and compared the three most typical test indexes. We then used a range analysis method to test and optimize the design. Lastly,we selected a standard piston,a bionic piston with optimum performance,and a piston with an optimum combination on which to carry out a durability bench test of the internal combustion engine. Results show that the bionic piston performs better than the standard piston regarding the unloading of concentrated stress of the piston＇s oil return hole,drag reduction,and abrasion resistance. The average abrasion loss of the bionic piston was 42.9% less than that of the standard piston. In addition,the average cylinder pressure changing rate of the bionic piston was 50.2% more stable than that of the standard piston.

关 键 词：内燃机 仿生活塞 毛蚶 正交试验 有限元分析 极差分析法 标准活塞 

分 类 号：TK413.33[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程] TB17[生物学—生物工程]