重新认识文艺复兴时期的四篇《君主论》  

A new interpretation of four works on “The Prince”in the period of Renaissance

作　　者：周施廷[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第2期122-128,共7页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"德国史专题研究"(项目编号:13AZD041)阶段成果

摘　　要：但丁、彼特拉克、伊拉斯谟、马基雅维里的四篇《君主论》,彰显出人文主义政治思想的发展。它们的共同点在于强调政府责任和民众利益;而它们的不同,则是随着统治者与民众关系的变化而给出不同理念。但丁、彼特拉克生活在共和国时代,他们宣扬美德和好的制度,期望通过建立人间天国来增进民众福祉;伊拉斯谟、马基雅维里生活在统治者与民众结盟关系已经破裂的时代,尽管伊拉斯谟仍在重复道德说教,但马基雅维里已经采用激烈的语言批判统治者,并且为他们划出了不能触犯的政治底线。这种情况说明:从但丁至马基雅维里的政治学是连续发展的,却又是根据时局的变化而改变,进而逐渐走向近代的。This paper gives an incisive analysis of the development of humanist political ideas in four works on ＂The Prince＂ written re- spectively by Dante, Petrarch, Erasmus and Machiavelli. Their similarity is the emphasis on the government＇ s responsibilities and the people＇ s interests, while their differences are their different ideas on the relations between the ruler and the people in different histori- cal periods. Because Dante and Petrarch lived in the period of the Republic, they emphasized the virtues and good political systems, aiming at establishing an Earthly Republic for enhancing people~ happiness; however, Erasmus and Machiavelli lived in a time when the alliance between the ruler and the ruled was broken. Although Erasmus still repeated his moral teaching, Machiavelli began to seri- ously criticize the ruler and set up a political limit for the ruler. The political science from Dante to Machiavelli experienced changes following the changing times, but it enjoyed a continuous development into an early modern branch of learning.

关 键 词：君主 但丁 彼特拉克 伊拉斯谟 马基雅维里 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]