Chao HUANG,Main Factors Affecting the Improving Efficiency of Gypsum for Solonetzic Soil  

影响石膏改良碱化土壤效率的主要因素分析（英文）

作　　者：赵锦慧[1] 何超[1] 黄超[1] 龙杰[1] 谢子瑞 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2016年第2期367-373,378,共8页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401559);Project of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department(2014CFB558);Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20141001)~~

摘　　要：In order to more efficiently utilize gypsum to improve meadow alkali soil slightly salinized by soda and sulfate chloride, a total of 27 treatments were de- signed from the perspectives of field capacity, alkalinity, alkaline salt content, optimal irrigation, gypsum conversion, gypsum and soil treatment and improvement depth. The ions on the obtained filtrate were analyzed in terms of salts. The improving ef- ficiency of gypsum for meadow alkali soil was analyzed through comparing the con- tents of soluble salts in pre-improvement and post-improvement soil by reasoning and calculation. The results showed that, （1） the dissolved amount and conversion amount of gypsum were increased, and the soil alkalinity was decreased corre- spondingly with the increased irrigation amount. However, after reaching a certain extent, the linear relationships became unobvious gradually. Therefore, the irrigation amount should be arranged reasonably for different treatment. （2） Compared with those at low temperature, the dissolved amount of gypsum at high temperature was increased by 1.47-1.50 times, the release amount of exchangeable sodium was in- creased by 2.98-4.70 times, and the release amount of exchangeable magnesium was increased by 2.07-2.90 times. In overall, the improving efficiency of gypsum in summer was better. However, gypsum had two shortcomings in summer. First, a large amount of gypsum leaked away. Second, a large amount of exchangeable magnesium, along with exchangeable sodium, was substituted by gypsum. （3） Compared with the other two treatments, treatment B （mixing gypsum and top 20- cm soil） showed the best improving efficiency, and it was characterized by stepwise dealkalization from top to down. In addition, mixing gypsum and topsoil is more practical in the production.为了更有效地使用石膏改良苏打化-硫酸盐氯化物轻度盐化草甸碱土,结合田间持水量、碱化度、碱性盐的含量,考虑最佳灌水量、石膏转化率、石膏与土的处理方式、改良深度等因素,设计了27种处理方式。对所得滤液的离子进行分析后换算成盐分。将滤液中的可溶盐与改良前的盐分相比,运用推理计算方法求得石膏改良碱土的不同效果。结果表明：1随着灌水量的增加,石膏的溶解量、转化量都有所增加,碱化度也相应地降低。但是这种线性关系达到一定程度后,相关关系将会逐渐变得不明显。因而,对各种处理要控制不同的水量,达到合理利用。2高温比低温时,石膏的溶解量增加1.47~1.50倍,交换性钠的脱出量高出2.98~4.7倍,交换性镁的脱出量高出2.07~2.9倍,大体上说明了夏季的改良效果更好。但夏季各处理也存在2个缺点造成石膏的无益损失,一是发生了大量的渗漏损失,二是在代换交换性钠的同时也代换出大量的交换性镁。3上部20 cm部分混匀这一处理,经过与其他两者的对比,是石膏改良碱化土壤的最优处理方案能够达到自上而下逐步脱碱。而且石膏与浅层土壤混匀在生产上比较切实可行。

关 键 词：GYPSUM Alkali soil improvement IRRIGATION Application pattern Temper-ature 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]