水分调控对干旱山地苹果树生长发育和结实的影响  

Effect of Moisture Regulation on Growth and Development of Apple Trees at Arid Hilly Region

作　　者：徐巧[1] 王延平[1] 韩明玉[2] 李生光 张林森[2] 穆艳[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省米脂县果业办,陕西榆林718100 [4]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第2期9-13,17,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2014KTCL02-06);国家青年基金项目(41401613)

摘　　要：人为灌溉补水是改善干旱山地果园水分供应状况的有效措施。为给山地果树精准灌溉提供科学依据,以陕北米脂山地6年生红富士苹果树为研究对象,以苹果树物候期为时段,以土壤田间持水量为标准进行了水分调控试验,研究分析了水分调控对干旱山地苹果树生长及果实生长发育的影响。结果表明,陕北山地苹果树萌芽期（3月下旬-4月中旬）、开花期（4月下旬-5月初）、新稍生长和幼果发育期（5月初-7月上旬）及果实膨大期（7月中旬-10月上旬）适宜的土壤含水量分别为田间持水量的50%-60%、50%-60%、50%-60%和70%-80%。在一般水文年,陕北山地苹果树萌芽期适宜的灌溉量为56.50mm,开花期为22.20mm,新稍生长和幼果发育期为92.63mm,其中5月初-6月上旬宜灌水75.16mm,6月中旬-7月上旬宜灌水17.47mm,果实膨大期降雨量可满足苹果树的需水量,不需灌溉。Artificial irrigation water is an effective measure to improve water supply in arid mountainous orchard.In this study,the 6years Fuji apple tree is used as the research object in Mizhi county of Northern Shaanxi,a moisture regulation experiment is conducted with the apple tree phenology as the study period and the field capacity as the standard to study and analyze the effects of moisture regulation on apple tree growth and fruit development at arid hilly region to provide a scientific basis for precision irrigation of mountain fruit trees.The results indicate that the suitable soil water content in sprout period（late March to middle April）,flowering period（late April to early May）,new shoot growth and young fruits development period（early May to early July）,and fruit swelling period（middle July to early October）of mountain apple trees in Northern Shaanxi province is 50% -60%,50% -60%,50%-60% and 70% -80% of field capacity,respectively.In general hydrological year,the suitable irrigation water amount is56.50,22.20,92.63 mm for sprout period,new shoot growth and young fruits development period,flowering period,respectively.And the suitable irrigation water amount is 75.16 mm in early May to early June and 17.47 mm in middle June to early July.The rainfall in fruit swelling period can satisfy the water requirement of apple trees,so irrigation is not needed.

关 键 词：干旱山地 红富士苹果 水分调控 灌溉量 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]