微生物膜培养及其对大珠母贝幼虫附着的影响  

Culture of Biofilm and Its Influence on Settlement of Pinctada maxima Larvae

作　　者：唐棣[1] 董伟未 侯令[1] 顾志峰[1] 石耀华[1] 王爱民[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋学院,海口570100

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2016年第1期158-165,共8页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：国家863项目(2012AA10A414);国家国际科技合作专项项目(2012DFG32200)共同资助

摘　　要：本研究以珊瑚石为培养载体,分析海水中无机氮与活性磷酸盐的变化、微生物膜的形态和底栖硅藻的种类,并比较附苗器上微生物膜培养时间对大珠母贝幼虫附着率的影响。结果显示:添加营养盐时可溶性无机氮和活性磷酸盐质量浓度均随时间逐渐下降,至16 d基本稳定,分别较初始值减少了99.11%和84.78%,而未添加营养盐时可溶性无机氮和活性磷酸盐质量浓度均无明显变化;添加营养盐的海水中培养了17 d的珊瑚石表面附着的硅藻包括菱形藻属、圆筛藻属、双眉藻属等,与球状细菌、胞外分泌物等共同形成微生物膜;未添加营养盐的海水中培养了17 d的珊瑚石表面附着的硅藻主要有异极藻属、胸隔藻属和曲壳藻属等,微生物膜结构相对疏松,珊瑚石孔洞间几乎没有微生物膜;在添加营养盐的微生物膜培养水体中处理4 d的附苗器48 h大珠母贝附苗率为25.78%,较对照组提升了9.87%,且显著高于处理2 d和3 d的附苗器附苗率。因此,自然海水中可以培育形成底栖硅藻和细菌微生物膜,促进大珠母贝幼虫附着。In this study, several events, including the variation of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate of seawater, the structure of biofilm and species of benthic diatom, were analyzed based on the culture carrier of corallite. Besides, settlement ratios of Pinctada maxima larvae were also compared among seedling apparatus disposed different times for biofilms culture. Results showed that concentrations of both the inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate decreased gradually until 16 d （with a decrease ratio of 99.11% and 84.78%, respectively） when nutrient was added, whereas no obvious change of concentrations were observed for control without nutrient added. Besides, biofilm consisted of spherical bacteria, extracellular secretion and diatom （such as Nitzschia, Synedra, Stephanodiscus, Amphora） on the surface of the corallites in 17 d for experiment groups of nutrient added seawater, while biofilm was loose and even scarce inside holes of corallite for control with different diatom from experiment groups, such as Gomphonema, Mastogloia, A chnanthes. The settlement ratio of Pinctada maxima larvae at 48 h was 25.78% for seedling apparatus which was cultured to form biofilm for 4 d in nutrient adding seawater. It was not only obvious higher （9.87%） than that of control without biofilm culture but also higher than that of experiment groups which seedling apparatus was cultured 2 d or 3 d. Therefore, the biofilms constituted of diatom and bacteria might be developed from natural seawater, and the biofilms could induce settlement of Pinctada maxima larvae.

关 键 词：大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima) 微生物膜 无机氮 活性磷酸盐 附着 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]