沿海滩涂围垦区土壤质量演变研究——以江苏省如东县为例  

Soil Quality Evolution in Coastal Reclamation Zones:A Case Study of Rudong County of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：王琪琪[1] 濮励杰[1,2] 朱明[1] 李建国[1] 张濛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]国土资源部海岸带开发与保护重点实验室,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《地理科学》2016年第2期256-264,共9页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41230751);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC01B01);南京大学优秀博士生提升计划A(2014001A004)资助~~

摘　　要：对江苏省如东县不同年限的滩涂围垦区和光滩土壤样品进行分析,运用SPSS软件对垦区间土壤指标进行单因素方差分析和差异显著性检验,采用土壤质量综合指数法进行土壤质量评价,引入土壤质量障碍因子诊断模型分析关键改良因子。结果表明：滩涂围垦60 a来,研究区土壤质量随围垦时间变化轨迹为＂急剧提高—相对稳定—持续提高＂。围垦前10 a土壤质量急剧提高,土壤质量指数（SQI）由0.19增至0.37,年均增长11.84%,垦区差异显著;围垦10-30 aSQI由0.37增至0.42,年均增长0.54%,围垦30-40 aSQI由0.42增至0.45,年均增长0.71%,垦区差异不明显,因此围垦30 a左右土壤质量处于相对稳定状态;围垦40-60 a土壤质量持续提升,SQI由0.45增至0.56,年均增长1.22%,垦区差异显著。土壤质量的障碍因子分析显示较低的TOC、TN和粒含量是土壤质量的主要限制因子,且与pH、盐分显著负相关,因此盐碱度降低是研究区土壤质量提升的根本原因,肥力提高以及土壤质地的改善是土壤质量进一步提升的关键。Reclaiming coastal wetlands for cultivate lands transformed the wetland soil to agricultural soil, soil properties changed a lot. To explore the effects of soil ecological environment due to the reclamation activities in coastal zone and determine the key modified factors, it can provide guidance for soil improvement. In this article, soil samples collected from reclamation area under different years and tidal flats in Rudong Country of Jiangsu Province were analyzed. ANOVA was used to test the difference among soil indicators in different reclamation area（LSD test）. The method of soil quality index（SQI） is used to evaluate the soil quality. The model of limiting factors diagnosis is used to analyze the key improvement factors of soil quality. The result shows that since 60 years from reclamation, the trajectory of soil quality change in study area is＂improve sharply-relative stability-improve sustainability＂. SQI increased sharply from 0.19 to 0.37 at the first 10 years after reclamation, average annual rate of growth is 11.84%,the difference is significant; SQI increased from 0.37 to 0.42 between 10 years to 30 years after reclamation and average annual rate of growth is 0.54%; SQI increased from0.42 to 0.45 between 30 years to 40 years after reclamation and average annual rate of growth is 0.71%, there has no obvious difference. Therefore soil quality is in a relatively stable state after reclamation at 30 years.While SQI increased sustainability from 0.45 to 0.56 between 40 years to 60 years after reclamation and average annual rate of growth is 1.22%, the difference is significant. The limiting factors diagnosis showed that the lower TOC, TN and clay content are the major limiting factors of soil quality and have significant negative correlation with pH and salt, therefore decreased salinization is the basic reason for improving soil quality after reclamation. The improvement of fertility as well as soil texture are the key to further improve soil quality.

关 键 词：土壤质量评价 障碍因子 围垦 海岸带 如东县 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学] S15[农业科学—土壤学]