生物技术专利法律原则的伦理分析进路——以罗尔斯的正义论为视角  

Ethical Analysis on Biotechnology Patent Law——In the Perspective of Rawls Theory of Justice

作　　者：杜珍媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学经贸管理学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期7-12,24,共7页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51103071);江苏省法学会法学研究课题(SFH2014C15);江苏省政府留学奖学金项目资助

摘　　要：随着生物科技的发展,尤其是基因技术、生物材料和胚胎干细胞技术作为专利主体引发的道德论争提示我们,专利法律规范不应是纯技术性规范,应含有伦理性的考量。以罗尔斯正义论为视角作为对生物技术专利法原则的伦理分析进路,可以得出三个原则,一是无伤害原则,即专利法施行的实际效果不得损害任何人的基本人权,不得贬损作为人类整体的生命尊严和任何个体的人格尊严;二是自由原则,即为保障每一个人从事科学研究活动的自由,并避免被机会主义行为所利用成为阻碍后续研究的工具,发明创造的机会应平等地向所有人开放;三是"惠顾最少受惠者"原则,即专利法应该尽可能促进所有人的实质平等;如果不得不做不平等的安排,则必须有利于最少受惠者。With the development of biotechnology,moral arguments caused by the gene technology,biological materials and embryonic stem cell technology as the patent subjects suggest that patent law should not be pure technical specification,but it should be involved in ethical value judgments.In the perspective of theory of Rawls justice to have the ethical analysis of the principle of biotechnology patent law approach,three principles can be drawed：First principle is no damage,which means the actual effect of the patent law shall not harm anyone＇s basic human rights and shall not disparage human whole life dignity and any individual human dignity;Second,liberal principles,namely to protect every person engaged in scientific research freely,and avoid being used by the opportunism behavior which becomes tools of obstacles to further research.Invention of opportunities should be equally open to all.The third is the＂patronage at the least beneficiaries＂principle,namely the patent law should as far as possible promote all people＇s essence equal;If the arrangement of the inequality has to done,it must be beneficial to the least beneficiaries.

关 键 词：生物技术专利法 伦理分析 罗尔斯正义论 无伤害原则 自由原则 “惠顾最少受惠者”原则 

分 类 号：B029[哲学宗教—哲学理论]