中国处理印度驻西藏商务代理处的政策措施及其影响(1961—1963)  

China's Policies towards the Withdrawal of Indian Trade Agencies in Tibet, 1961-1963

作　　者：戴超武[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系冷战国际史研究中心

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第1期22-47,共26页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金特别委托项目"中国周边国家对华关系档案收集及历史研究"(15@ZH009)

摘　　要：中国和印度在1954年4月签订的《1954年协定》中规定,两国在对方国家设立三个商务代理处,该协定1962年6月期满。从1961年开始,中印两国围绕着如何处理即将期满的《1954年协定》,特别是印度驻亚东、江孜和噶大克的商代处,展开了激烈的交涉和斗争。由于西藏平叛后中印关系的根本变化以及印度对西藏地区的全面禁运,中国判定印度这些商代处的作用不仅在于控制西藏地区的经济和边贸,而且还是印度的情报据点。西藏工委在中央的指示下,采取措施迫使印度完全撤销其驻藏商代处。印度商代处的撤销,标志着中印关系史上一个时代的结束;中国通过迫使印度撤销其商代处,达到了清除印度在西藏地区的政治及经济影响的目的。与此同时,中国中央政府加快推进西藏地区的经济转型,以改变其依赖进口和边境贸易的模式,从而使西藏逐步走上了经济现代化的发展道路。在这一进程中,西藏工委发挥了重要的作用。The China-India Agreement of 1954 stipulated to open three Trade Agencies in each other＇s country. In 1961, China began the difficult negotiation with India over the renewal of the 1954 Agreement, especially over the withdrawal of Indian Trade Agencies in Gartok, Yatung, and Gyantse. After Tibetan rebellion and Indian total embargo against Tibet in 1959, China concluded that all Indian trade agencies had served not only as major means of Indian government to control Tibetan economy and border trade, but also as important intelligence strongholds. Tibet Work Committee, under the direction of the Central government, took measures to pressurize Indian withdrawal of all trade agencies in Tibet. The withdrawal of Indian trade agencies in Tibet signals the end of an era in China-India relations on the one hand, and, on the other hand, marks the eradication of the Indian economic monopoly and political influence in Tibet. Furthermore, Chinese Central Government initiated the development strategy for Tibetan modernization, the strategy to get rid of Tibetan dependence on Indian imports and to accelerate the transformation of its traditional pattern to a new model. Tibet Work Committee had played a critical role in this process.

关 键 词：《1954年协定》 印度驻藏商代处 西藏工委 中印关系 藏印贸易 

分 类 号：K271[历史地理—历史学] D829[历史地理—中国史]