马克思市民社会观从不成熟到科学性的历史转变  

The Transition from Immaturity to Scientificity of Marx's Outlook of Civil Society

作　　者：吴书林[1] 宋凯旋 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学政治教育学院,成都610066

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期5-10,共6页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学研究"十二五"2013年度规划项目"马克思和海德格尔技术思想比较研究"(SC13B025)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：马克思对市民社会的认识经历了从不成熟阶段到科学阶段的过程。其中,对黑格尔市民社会观的扬弃是重要环节。在法哲学批判时期,马克思摒弃了黑格尔建立在唯心史观上的市民社会观,但也接受了黑格尔关于市民社会的"私人等级"的规定,同时完成了向市民社会领域研究的视角转换。从《论犹太人问题》到《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,虽然在这一时期马克思的市民社会观依然囿于费尔巴哈的人本主义思维框架,但由于马克思开始将市民社会引入政治经济学领域,实现了市民社会研究内容的转变。在《德意志意识形态》这一文本中,马克思开始与各种唯心史观决裂,尤其要着力清除自己观念里的人本主义的赘疣,其市民社会观因而站在了唯物主义的立场上,实现了由人本主义下的市民社会向唯物史观下的市民社会的根本变革。Marx＇s perception of the civil society has experienced a process from immaturity to scientificity among which the praise and abandon of Hegel＇s outlook of civil society is the core.In the legal philosophy critique period,Marx abandoned Hegel＇s outlook of the civil society based on idealist conception of history,meanwhile,he accepted the Hegel＇s rules of the＂private class＂of the society,and accomplished the change of view towards the research of civil society.From his On the Jewish Questionto Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,one can see that although Marx＇s civil society outlook was confined by Feuerbach＇s humanism thinking frame,Marx changed research contents of the civil society as he brought civil society into political economy.In his German Ideology,Marx started the rupture with all kinds of idealist conception of history,eliminating especially humanism from his concept,made civil society in the position of the materialism,and thus achieved the fundamental changes from citizen society of humanism to that of materialism.

关 键 词：马克思 市民社会 法哲学 人本主义 唯物史观 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]