聚乳酸生物降解地膜对土壤温度及棉花产量的影响  

Effect of Polylactic Acid-Degradable Film Mulch on Soil Temperature and Cotton Yield

作　　者：张妮[1] 李琦[1] 侯振安[1] 冶军[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2016年第2期114-119,共6页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项"绿洲棉田生态环境监测与预警技术研究"(2015DFA11660);科技支疆计划项目"新型生物降解农膜的研制与应用"(2012AB007)

摘　　要：随着地膜残留污染问题的加剧,降解地膜的应用研究越来越受到关注。通过普通塑料地膜与2种不同厚度聚乳酸生物降解地膜的田间对比试验,研究聚乳酸生物降解地膜降解状况及对土壤温度和棉花产量的影响。结果表明：聚乳酸生物降解地膜在覆膜17~22 d后进入诱导期,60 d后逐渐进入破裂期,130 d左右进入崩裂期。在棉花生长苗期,生物降解膜膜内增温缓慢,白天平均土壤温度普通膜分别高于18μm降解膜和15μm降解膜膜0.8℃和6.2℃。但夜间降解膜膜内平均温度较稳定,保温效果好,膜内温度高于普通地膜1℃左右。18μm聚乳酸降解膜与普通膜相比对棉花产量的影响无显著性差异,而15μm聚乳酸降解膜使棉花减产8.9%。研究表明,聚乳酸生物降解地膜厚度选为18μm较为合适,且具有良好的降解性,可满足棉花的生长需要,有望替代普通地膜在农田中推广使用。Concern on biodegradable plastic film is increasing because of pollution problems caused by the plastic films currently used. The objective of this field experiment is to evaluate the effect of two thicknesses of polyactic acid-degradable film on soil temperature and cotton yield. The results showed that small holes appeared in the polyactic acid-degradable film at 17-22 d after it was installed. Burst period appeared about 60 d after installation. Splits were observed in the polyactic acid-degradable film at 130 d after installation. Soil temperatures rose slowly under polyactic acid-degradable film during the cotton seedling stage. Daytime soil temperatures were 0.8℃ and 6.2℃ lower under 18um and 15um thick polyactic acid-degradable film than non-degradable plastic film（ CK ）, respectively. Nighttime soil temperatures under the polyactic acid-degradable film were about 1℃ warmer than CK. There was no significant difference in cotton yields between the 18um polyactic acid degradable film treatment and CK. In contrast, yields in the 15um degradable plastic film treatment were 8.9% less than that in CK. This study indicated that 18um polyactic acid degradable plastic film had good degradability and no negative effect on cotton growth. The 18 um polyactic acid degradable plastic film can replace ordinary plastic film in agricultural production.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 降解地膜 土壤温度 棉花产量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]