重庆南宋府衙遗址骨制品及其埋藏背景  

CHONGQING SOUTHERN SONG DYNASTY YASHU SITE UNEARTHED BONE ARTIFACTS AND ITS BURIED BACKGROUND

作　　者：武仙竹[1,2] 马江波[1,2] 袁东山 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学科技考古与文物保护技术实验室,重庆401331 [2]中俄科技考古研究所,重庆401331 [3]重庆市文化遗产研究院,重庆400013

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2016年第2期312-321,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“显微分析与数字模型技术在考古研究中的应用”（批准号：10XKG：007）资助

摘　　要：重庆南宋府衙遗址（老鼓楼衙署遗址）考古发掘中，出土有骨制品加工工具、骨制品废料以及加工使用过的多种骨制品，遗址时代距今约730多年。骨制品材料以多种家畜骨骼为主，其中大多数为马和羊骨骼，少数牛和猪骨骼；此外，还有中国北方地区生存的野生动物马鹿（Cervuselaphus）骨骼。骨制品生产工具、骨制品废料及骨制品残件等，均被遗弃在原衙署院落的景观池内。这些骨制品是宋元战争时期，元军在攻陷重庆后，军队驻扎于重庆府衙期间所遗留。遗址中所出土骨制品种类，以搅拌马料的“骨铲”为主，另有骨哨、角锥等其他器物。从所发现的生产工具遗物，以及骨制品表面的加工痕迹分析，该遗址骨制品加工工具包括有锤、刀、锯、钻、磨石等。骨制品加工工序方面，存在有选料、取料、粗加工、精加工等工艺步骤。骨制品表面，发现有汉人工匠用毛笔书写的“高”氏姓氏；该现象以实物材料证实了，历史文献中所记载元军大量征用汉人工匠的历史可靠性。重庆南宋府衙遗址骨制品的发现，是我国考古工作中第一次从元军军营遗址里确认到存在有骨制品生产，为解析遗址埋藏背景等提供了重要实证。反映了元军在最终打败南宋军队时，在重庆地区进行的关键性历史战争。为考古学和军事史中研究元军组织结构、宋元战争时期重庆地区的历史转折等提供了极为重要的实物资料。Chongqing Southern Song Yashu site （Old Gulou Yashu site, geographic coordinates 29°33′13″N, 106°34′46″E） of archaeological excavations have unearthed bone artifacts processing tools, waste materials and multiple used bone artifacts, and the site age is about 730 years. Bone artifacts materials mainly are a variety of domestic animal bones, and most of them are horse and sheep bones; in addition, there are bones of red deer （Cervus elaphus） which is a wild animal living in northern China. Bone artifacts and processing tools, waste materials, etc., are abandoned in the landscape pool of the Yashu courtyard. The unearthed bone artifacts of material combinations （animal bones species characteristics）, and burial characteristic of bone artifacts and processing tools, etc., abandoned in the Yashu landscaped pool, reflect these bone artifacts should be during the Song and Yuan war, after the Yuan army captured Chongqing, left over during stationed in Chongqing Yashu. The kind of bone artifacts unearthed in this site, mainly are bone shovels for stirring horse feed, and another bone whistle, horn awl and other artifacts. From the discovery of bone artifacts relics, and processing marks on the surface of bone artifacts analysis, the site of bone artifacts processing tools included hammers, knives, saws, drills, grindstones, etc. Bone artifacts manufacturing processes included the choice of materials, taking materials, roughing, finishing and other steps. On the surface of bone artifacts, we found a Han people craftsmen writing ＂Gao （高） ＂s surname with a Chinese brush, which confirmed the history phenomenon that the Yuan army expropriated the Han people craftsmen recorded in historical literature. The finding of bone artifacts in Chongqing Southern Song Yashu site, is the first confirmation of the Yuan army barracks in the presence of bone artifacts production in archaeological work of our country. The discovery of bone artifacts production relics in this site, provides the main empirical m

关 键 词：骨制品 宋元战争 城市考古 重庆 

分 类 号：K876.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]