气候模式中云的垂直重叠及其辐射传输问题研究进展  

Advances in studies of cloud overlap and its radiative transfer issues in the climate models

作　　者：张华[1,2] 荆现文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《气象学报》2016年第1期103-113,共11页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技部公益性行业(气象)科研专项项目(GYHY201406023);国家自然科学基金项目(41375080);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB403405)

摘　　要：概述了全球气候模式中云的垂直重叠的处理方法及其辐射物理过程的最新研究进展。从云垂直重叠模型的构造、模型在气候模式中的实现方式,得到与观测一致的云重叠结构所采用的数据和方法、重叠云的辐射传输等方面,给出了针对这一国际研究难点问题的最新研究进展。关于气候模式中云的垂直重叠问题的研究至今已取得了许多成果,表现在:重叠模型上有了更为科学的描述形式(如指数衰减重叠);重叠云的辐射传输也有了更快速的处理方法(如蒙特卡洛独立柱近似)并被广泛应用;连续的三维云遥感观测(如CloudSat/CALIPSO)和云分辨尺度的三维云模式的发展为在气候模式中精确描述云的垂直结构提供了丰富的观测资料和模式数据。但是,气候模式中现有的云重叠结构处理及其辐射传输方法还远不够完善,仍然存在很多没有解决的问题需要在未来进行探索。The latest advances in studies of cloud overlap treatments and its radiative transfer issues in the global climate models are summarized.The developments in this international challenging problem are described from aspects such as the formation of the cloud overlap model,the realization of the cloud overlap models in climate models,and the data and methods used to obtain observational consistent cloud overlap structure and the radiative transfer in overlapped clouds.To date,there have been an appreciable amount of achievements in studies of cloud overlap in climate models,as demonstrated by：scientific model（e.g.efolding overlap）has been developed to describe cloud overlap;fast radiative transfer method for overlapped clouds（Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation,i.e.McICA）has been invented and wildly used;as well as continuous 3D cloud satellite observation（e.g.CloudSat/CALIPSO）and cloud-resolving models provide plenty of data valuable for the exact description of cloud overlap structure in climate models.However,the present treatments of cloud overlap and its radiative transfer method are far from complete,and there remain many unsettled problems needed to be explored in the future.

关 键 词：云重叠 气候模式 参数化 

分 类 号：P422[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.53