东北三省典型春玉米土壤剖面氮库变化及平衡特征  

Characteristics of Nitrogen Pools and Nitrogen Balance in Soil Profile in Typical Spring Maize Planted Regions in Northeast China

作　　者：王娜[1,2] 范美蓉 刘双全[4] 赵士诚[2] 赵英[1] 仇少君[2] 何萍[2] 周卫[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,耕地培育技术国家工程实验室/中国农业科学院-国际植物营养研究所创新联合实验室,北京100081 [3]长沙环境保护职业学院,长沙410004 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第5期885-895,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41101277,31272243);国家“973”计划(2013CB127405);国家“863”计划(2013AA102904);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(IARRP-2015-27)

摘　　要：【目的】研究了东北三省典型春玉米种植区在0—90 cm土壤剖面土壤氮素的变化及平衡特征,试图了解东北三省典型春玉米种植区传统农民习惯施肥措施下土壤氮素的固持潜力。【方法】于2012年春玉米全生育期定点跟踪了黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省各17户,总计51户农民习惯处理,测定了0—30、30—60、60—90 cm土层中全氮(TN)、矿质氮(NO3-N、NH4-N)、颗粒有机氮(PON)、微生物生物量氮(SMBN)和可溶性有机氮(DON)以及春玉米产量,并计算了春玉米播种前和收获后的氮素平衡。【结果】黑龙江、吉林、辽宁典型春玉米种植区0—90 cm整个土壤剖面TN储量分别为357.9、286.9、218.1 kg·hm^(-2),且各省土壤TN储量平均值均达显著性水平(P<0.05)。黑龙江、吉林、辽宁0—30 cm表层土壤TN含量平均值分别为1.4、1.0、0.7 g·kg^(-1),且各省TN含量均达显著性水平(P<0.05);在30—60 cm、60—90 cm土层TN含量平均值分别为0.9、0.6、0.4 g·kg^(-1)和0.6、0.4、0.3 g·kg^(-1),黑龙江各土层土壤剖面TN含量平均值显著高于辽宁(P<0.05)。0—30 cm土层中,随着纬度的降低,黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省PON、PON/TN、SMBN/TN呈增加趋势,而SMBN含量则呈降低趋势,PON、PON/TN和SMBN含量平均值三省间均达显著水平(P<0.05),黑龙江与辽宁SMBN/TN平均值达显著水平(P<0.05);在30—60 cm土层,黑龙江、吉林和辽宁PON/TN随着纬度的降低而升高,且三省间PON/TN平均值达显著水平(P<0.05),黑龙江PON显著低于吉林、辽宁两省(P<0.05),黑龙江DON显著高于吉林和辽宁,吉林DON/TN平均值显著低于辽宁(P<0.05);在60—90 cm土层,吉林SMBN、SMBN/TN的平均值显著高于黑龙江、辽宁(P<0.05),黑龙江DON/TN平均值显著低于吉林、辽宁(P<0.05)。各省土壤全氮及各活性氮库随着土层深度的增加总体呈下降趋势。0—30 cm土层,辽宁NO_3-N含量平均值显著低于黑龙江、吉林(P<0.05);在30—60 cm、60—90 cm土层�【Objective】The characteristics of nitrogen pools in 0-90 cm soil depth and the nitrogen balance was elucidated to make clear the potential of nitrogen immobilization under the current farmers＇ fertilizer practices in typical spring maize planted in northeastern China.【Method】Seventeen sites in each of the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning, adding up to 51 sites, were observed on the farmer＇s agricultural systems during the whole growth period of spring maize in the year of 2012. The soil total nitrogen（TN）, mineral nitrogen（NO3-N, NH4-N）, particulate organic nitrogen（PON）, microbial biomass nitrogen（SMBN）, and dissolved organic nitrogen（DON） in 0-30, 30-60, 60-90 cm soil depth and spring maize yield were determined, and nitrogen balance between before the maize was sown and after the maize was harvested was calculated.【Result】The TN stock of 0-90 cm soil depth in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning was 357.9, 286.9, and 218.1 kg·hm^-2 respectively in typical spring maize planted in northeastern China. The mean of TN stock in each province was significant（P〈0.05）. In 0-30 cm soil depth, the mean of TN concentration in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning province was 1.4, 1.0, 0.7 g·kg^-1, respectively; moreover, the mean of TN concentration in each province was significant（P〈0.05）. In 30-60 cm or 60-90 cm soil depth, the mean of TN concentration in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces were 0.9, 0.6, 0.4 g·kg^-1and 0.6, 0.4, 0.3 g·kg^-1, respectively, and in either soil depth, the mean of TN concentration in Heilongjiang was significantly（P〈0.05） higher than that in Liaoning. In 0-30 soil depth, the difference of the mean of PON concentration, PON/TN, SMBN/TN among Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces increased and SMBN concentration decreased as latitude decreased, and the difference of the mean of PON concentration, PON/TN, or SMBN concentrations at each province was significant（P〈0.05） respectively. The difference of the mean

关 键 词：氮储量 活性氮库 氮平衡 土壤剖面 东北三省 春玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]