小麦残茬对连作西瓜生长及根际土壤微生物的影响  

Effect of Wheat Residues on Growth and Rhizosphere Microorganisms of Continuously Monocropped Watermelon

作　　者：韩哲[1] 徐丽红[1] 刘聪[1] 孔令锟 吴凤芝[1] 潘凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学园艺学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第5期952-960,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划(2009CB119004-05);国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-25-08)

摘　　要：【目的】土壤微生物群落结构构成是土壤生态环境质量的重要组成部分,探讨两种小麦残茬对连作西瓜生长及根际土壤微生物的影响,阐释西瓜枯萎病与根际土壤微生物间的关系,为西瓜连作障碍和枯萎病的生态防治提供依据。【方法】将D123和D125两种小麦残茬粉碎后施入瓜类连作土壤中并继续栽培西瓜,采用常规方法测定西瓜蔓长、鲜重及产量,稀释平板法测定根际土壤中细菌、真菌和尖孢镰刀菌数量,通过Real-time PCR测定西瓜根际土壤中功能微生物芽孢杆菌和西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌数量。【结果】D123和D125两种小麦残茬的施入,促进了西瓜蔓长的伸长,并在后期显著促进了植株地上鲜重、根鲜重和全株鲜重的增加(P<0.05),且D125处理略高于D123处理;残茬处理虽然增加了西瓜单株产量,但与对照(CK)差异不显著。对根际土壤微生物数量统计表明,定植第20天时,D125处理细菌数量显著高于D123处理与CK(P<0.05),D123与CK间差异不显著;定植第30天时,D125处理细菌数量显著高于CK(P<0.05),D123与CK、D125间差异均不显著。对真菌数量的研究表明,各时期均表现为D125>D123>CK,并在定植30 d时相互间差异显著(P<0.05)。对根际尖孢镰刀菌数量的研究表明,各时期均表现为D125>D123>CK,在定植30 d时,D125处理显著高于D123处理和CK(P<0.05),但D123处理和CK间差异不显著。土壤中细菌/真菌的比值随着取样时期的延长,呈下降趋势,细菌繁殖速度低于真菌繁殖速度;定植20 d时,D125处理的根际土壤中细菌/真菌的值显著高于D123处理和CK(P<0.05),D123处理与CK间差异不显著。随着西瓜植株的生长,土壤中西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌的数量呈增长趋势,各时期尖孢镰刀菌均表现为CK>D123>D125,在定植第20天和第40天时表现为小麦残茬处理显著降低了尖孢镰刀菌数量(P<0.05)。芽孢杆菌数据表明,各处理在定植30 d时芽孢杆菌数量均达�【Objective】The microbial community structure was the important element of soil environmental quality in soil. The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of D123 and D125 wheat residues on the growth and rhizosphere microorganisms of watermelon in continuous cropping soil, the relation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and rhizospheremicroorganism in soil, to provide a reference for ecological control about watermelon continuous obstacles and watermelon wilt disease. 【Method】The D123 and D125 wheat residues were smashed and mixed in the continuous cucurbites cropping soil. The growth index and yield of watermelon have been measured by conventional methods. Rhizosphere microorganism numbers were determined with a dilution plate method. Abundances of Bacillus and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum were assessed by real-time PCR. 【Result】The results showed that the vine length of watermelon was promoted after D123 and D125 wheat residues treatment, the fresh weight of over ground root and plant were increased significantly in the later growth stage（P〈0.05）, and D125 was higher than D123. The yield per plant was increased after the stubble treatment but was non-significant. Stubble treatment increased the yield per plant of watermelon, but this difference was insignificant. With the statistics of the rhizosphere soil microorganism number, the bacterial population of D125 was remarkably higher than the D123 and control（CK） at 20 d after transplanting（P〈0.05）, but the discrepancy was not significant between D123 and CK. D125 treatment bacterial population was remarkably higher than CK at 30 d after transplanting（P〈0.05）, there was a non-significant difference between D123 and the CK, D125 and D123（P〈0.05）. The fungus amount researches show that D125D123CK each period, this rule shows a significant difference at 30 d after transplanting（P〈0.05）. The research of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum number show that D125D123CK, D125 treatment is significantly higher tha

关 键 词：西瓜 连作 小麦残茬 西瓜专化型尖孢镰刀菌 芽孢杆菌 土壤微生物数量 群落大小 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]