晚清“兴边利”研究——以各蒙旗为中心的视角  

One Study on the Developing Vassal Economy in the Late Qing Dynasty with Mongolia as the Center

作　　者：柳岳武[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2016年第3期149-161,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"清代藩属体系研究"(项目编号:10CZS019);中国博士后科学基金第八批特别资助项目"清代中国边疆危机及应对研究"(项目编号:2015T80765)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：有清一代,清廷均对各蒙旗实行特殊保护政策,不仅限制内地商民人等进入蒙古草原,而且禁止开发蒙疆资源。晚清以降,危机四伏,蒙古、西藏等传统藩部亦遭受到内外而来的双重压力。内部天灾人祸、生存不易,外部俄、日等渐将侵略触角伸向边陲地区,大肆施行经济渗透之能事,导致各部更为萧条。为应对此等危机,清廷才有所改变,期望推行边疆新政,确保边陲,并期望通过开矿产、办公司、设商会、办银行等"兴边利"措施,缓解藩部压力、改善部众生计、抵制外来侵略渗透。此等措置客观上发挥了一定作用,但终未摆脱行政腐败之覆辙,更进一步恶化了藩部生存环境,一定程度上成为导致清末某些藩部最终背离清廷统治的重要因素。In the late Qing Dynasty, ditierent crisis clustered, the tradmonat vassar o： me tvtongona and Tibet had bear Dual pressure from internal and external. Internal was the natural calamities and man- made misfortunes, Tribal people Life was Increasingly tough, their eye were in debt, life were not easy, dislike of Qing Dynasty; Outside Russia Britain Japan and other colonial powers extended their impregnation to the border area after completely defeat Qing Dynasty, Implemented economic penetration, the tribal people living was more depression. In order to response to those crisis, during the ruling of Guangxu the Qing dynasty was try to deal with those crisis through exploitation of mineral, company, chambers of Commerce and bank to alleviate the pressure, improve the vassal livelihood, resist foreign invasion percolation. These measures had played a certain effect to the Mongolia and other area, changed their lives. But all attempts ultimately failed to get rid of administrative corruption, All officials engaged in malpractices for selfish ends, further deterioration the vassal tribe living environment. They resisted the reform. Concomitantly, the vassal more hated the rule of the Qing Dynasty, Gradually deviated from this ruling.

关 键 词：兴边利 蒙古 晚清 清廷 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]