中国科学院高能量密度锂电池研究进展快报  

Progress on high energy density lithium batteries by CAS battery research group

作　　者：中国科学院'长续航动力锂电池'项目组 黄祯[2] 冯国星[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院,北京100864 [2]不详

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2016年第2期172-176,共5页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：中国科学院战略先导A类项目(长续航动力锂电池)

摘　　要：提高动力电池的能量密度将显著延长续航里程,对发展电动汽车具有重要的意义。中国科学院在2013年底部署了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项,通过合作研究,积极探索了第三代锂离子电池、固态锂电池、锂-硫电池和锂-空气电池等电池体系。其中,采用纳米硅碳负极、富锂正极的24 A·h的锂离子电池单体,质量能量密度达到374 W·h/kg,体积能量密度达到577 W·h/L。8 A·h固态聚合物锂电池60℃下能量密度达到240 W·h/kg,基于无机陶瓷固态电解质的固态锂电池室温下能量密度达到240 W·h/kg。37 A·h的锂硫电池单体室温能量密度达到566 W·h/kg,50℃达到616 W·h/kg。5 A·h锂空气电池单体能量密度达到526 W·h/kg。目前这些样品电池在综合技术指标方面离实际应用还有较大的距离,需要进一步深入细致的进行基础科学与关键技术方面的研究。从长远考虑,电池能量密度的提高必然进一步增加电池安全性风险,因此不同形式的固态锂电池将是未来长续航动力锂电池的发展方向。Increasing energy density of battery will dramatically extend the driving range of electric vehicles. ＂Strategic Priority Research Program＂ of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was initiated at the November 15, 2013. In this program, the lithium-ion battery of the 3rd generation, solid-state metallic lithium battery, lithium-sulphur battery and lithium-air battery have been investigated. The mass and volume energy density of 24 A·h Li-ion single cell, with nano-silicon carbon material as negative electrode and lithium-rich material as positive electrode is achieved as 374 W·h/kg and 577 W·h/L, respectively. The energy density of 8 A·h solid lithium battery using the polymer solid electrolyte at 60 ℃ is 240 W·h/kg, while the energy density of solid-state lithium battery based on the inorganic ceramic solid electrolyte is also 240 W·h/kg. The energy density of 37 A·h lithium-sulphur battery reaches 566 W·h/kg at room temperature and 616 W·h/kg at 50 ℃. The energy density of 5 A·h lithium-air battery is 526 W·h/kg. However, these batteries are still far away from practical applications in view of satisfying all required performances. Further comprehensive researches on fundamental science and key technology are needed. In addition, the increase of the energy density of batteries will also increase the safety concerns. Therefore, all lithium batteries containing solid electrolytes could become the final solutions for EV batteries.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 固态锂电池 锂-硫电池 锂-空气电池 高能量密度 电动汽车 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]