黄河滩区不同治理模式的防洪效果试验  

Different Governance Patterns of the Yellow River Beach Area in Flood Control and Disaster Under Current Boundary

作　　者：刘燕[1] 江恩惠[1] 万强[1] 张清[1] 张杨[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2016年第3期30-32,63,共4页Yellow River

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479080;51539004)

摘　　要：小浪底水库的建成运用和持续13 a的黄河调水调沙,使黄河下游河道得以沿程冲刷,平滩流量增大,加之近十几年黄河一直未发生大洪水,黄河下游滩区未发生较大漫滩,引起人们对宽滩区治理和运用方式的争论。目前的研究成果普遍认为,黄河下游发生大洪水的可能性仍然较大,特别是一旦出现高含沙洪水,对下游河道防洪安全的威胁更要引起高度重视。然而,在当前河道边界条件下,一旦发生这种不利水沙情况,那么黄河下游河道的冲淤、滩区淹没情况、滩区的灾情损失等将发生哪些变化,还无人开展定量研究。中常高含沙洪水条件下黄河下游宽滩区防洪形势对不同治理模式响应状况的模型试验结果表明:有防护堤模式主槽输沙能力强于无防护堤模式,但嫩滩淤积量大于无防护堤模式;有防护堤模式仅高村以下少量滩区漫滩上水,淹没面积小于无防护堤模式;习城滩两种模式中漫滩范围都较大,是防洪重点区域。建议在高村以上滩区修建高标准防护堤以保障滩区安全和经济建设,高村以下滩区实施滩区淹没补偿政策。The completion of the Xiaolangdi Dam reservoir and the Yellow River 13 years of water and sediment regulation, so that the lower Yellow River along the way, the increase of flat beach, in recent years there is no bigger flood occurred in the Lower Yellow River and there is no serious flooding in the floodplain area of the lower reaches. Thus it causes arguments on the control of wide floodplain area and the mode of operation. The current research results generally considered that the possibility of large floods occurred in the lower Yellow River is still relatively great, especially once the flood with high sediment concentration, this adverse condition of water and sand, the threat to the safety of the lower reaches of the river is more highly valued. However, under current channel boundary conditions, once this adverse water sand conditions, scouring and deposition of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, floodplain inundation situation, the disaster, what changes will happen, quantitative research has been carried out so far. This paper introduced in detail the medium?sized hyper?concentrated floods under the condition of the lower reaches of the Yellow River wide floodplain flood control situation of different governance models response of model test results. Clearly pointed out: protection embankment pattern is greater than no protection embankment pattern of sediment transport capacity in the main channel, but tender beach sedimentation amount greater than no protection embankment pattern;protection embankment pattern only a small amount of water in floodplain below Gaocun, the submerged area is less than that of the no protection embankment pattern; Xicheng beach in the two patterns of floodplain is larger, it is flood control key. The above suggested that Gaocun can take floodplain built high standard protection embankment protection the safety and economic construction, The following Gaocun implementation of floodplain floodplain inundation compensation policy.

关 键 词：滩区 防护堤 模型试验 河道冲淤 淹没面积 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV853[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV882.1