内蒙古典型暴雨过程的中尺度雨团观测分析  

Observational Analysis of Mesoscale Rain Cluster During Typical Torrential Rain Processes in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：常煜 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局,呼伦贝尔021008

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2016年第1期56-66,共11页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2014-009);内蒙古自治区气象局预报员暴雨创新团队

摘　　要：利用FY-2E逐时云顶黑体亮温资料（TBB）、闪电定位资料、自动气象站资料和逐时降水资料，对20092013年6～8月内蒙古7例暴雨天气过程的中尺度雨团特征进行分析。结果表明：内蒙古暴雨的降水强度在1～3h即可达到暴雨或大暴雨量级，中尺度雨团活动是内蒙古暴雨过程形成原因，而80％雨团活动是中尺度对流系统（MCS）造成的。MCS内TBB不超过一52℃冷云区和地闪密度大值中心对雨团强度和发展具有重要的指示作用，冷锋云系中MCS造成的雨团多原地生成和消亡，TBB不超过52℃冷云区面积小，维持时间为2～8h，地闪密度增长缓慢而且发生频次低；冷涡云系中雨团跳跃式出现在MCS冷云区或冷空气流人一侧，出现’FBB不超过一62℃冷云区，雨团出现频次高，持续出现时间可长达24h，地闪密度增长迅速且发生频次高。7次暴雨过程中约有60％雨团伴有地闪活动，地闪密度达到最大值时刻预示未来1～3h最强雨团出现和MCS发展到成熟。地面加密风场中尺度辐合线先于MCS和雨团出现，中尺度辐合线造成的局地辐合可作为MCS发展的启动机制。Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is located in the northern frontier of China, where characteristics of torrential rain are local and convective, and the strong precipitation duration is short. High temporal and spatial data such as the satellite cloud, lighting data and automatic weather station data are very effec- tive tools for discovering and monitoring mesoscale convective sgstem （MCS） continuously. But these ap- proaches are not often carried out in Inner Mongolia. In view of this, using black body temperature （TBB） data of FY-2E, lightning data, automatic weather station data and hourly precipitation data, characteristics of mesoscale rain cluster （RC） of seven typical torrential rain cases are studied in Inner Mongolia from June to August during 2009--2013. Results show that in Inner Mongolia, hourly rain intensity of torrential rain processes can reach torrential rain or heavy torrential rain in 1 h or 3 h, and 800//oo RC activity is caused by MCS. The strong precipitation is closely related with the terrain, and the highest value occurs in the southward mountain facing warm moist airflow, which are favorable for the development of MCS. The highest peak of strong precipitation occurs in the afternoon, and the secondary peak occurs in the midnight and early morning. It has important presage function with regard to intensity and development of RC that the TBB no more than --52℃ cold-cloud shield centroid of MCS and high value center of cloud to ground lightning flashes density （CGD）. RC in MCS of cold front cloud system gives expression to generation and extinction in the same region, the TBB no more than --52℃ cold-cloud shield centroid is small and last for 2--8 h, CGD increases slowly and has lower frequency. RC occurs jumpily in cold cloud area or the side cold air flowing into in MCS of the vortex clouds system, the TBB no more than --62℃ cold-cloud shield centroid emerge and last for 24 h, CGD increases rapidly and occur with higher frequency. RC is located in right side of col

关 键 词：暴雨过程 中尺度雨团 中尺度对流系统 地闪密度 

分 类 号：P426.62[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]