新疆克拉玛依市0～6岁儿童免疫规划针对传染病抗体水平调查  

Investigation on antibody levels of EPI targeted diseases in children of 0-6 year-old in Karamay City, Xinjiang

作　　者：黄玉莲[1] 石峰[1] 李君梅[1] 龚玲 蔺洁[1] 李霞[1] 陈园生[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆克拉玛依市疾病预防控制中心,新疆克拉玛依834000 [2]克拉玛依市克拉玛依区疾病预防控制中心,新疆克拉玛依834000 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2016年第1期15-18,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的了解新疆克拉玛依市免疫规划针对传染病的抗体水平、预测流行趋势并评价免疫效果,为进一步做好免疫规划工作提供科学依据。方法分层随机抽取克拉玛依市0~6岁儿童143人,采集血标本,检测麻疹、百日咳、白喉、乙型肝炎和甲型肝炎的抗体水平。结果白喉、麻疹、甲型肝炎、乙型肝炎及百日咳Ig G抗体的阳性率依次为100.0%、90.9%、89.9%、79.0%和49.7%,麻疹抗体保护性率为76.9%,麻疹、百日咳、白喉、乙型肝炎、甲型肝炎抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）分别为2 057.3 m IU/ml、34.2 IU/ml、3.6 IU/ml、838.1 m IU/ml、476.5 m IU/ml;不同年龄组麻疹抗体保护率差异有统计学意义（χ~2=40.38,P〈0.05）,麻疹（χ~2=88.80）、百日咳（χ~2=13.96）和甲型肝炎（χ~2=28.14）抗体阳性率差异亦有统计学意义（均P〉0.05）;不同地区人群乙型肝炎抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ~2=12.25,P〈0.05）,不同性别人群百日咳（χ~2=0.32）、白喉（χ~2=0.00）、乙型肝炎（χ~2=2.74）和甲型肝炎（χ~2=0.98）的抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同免疫剂次麻疹（χ~2=70.15）和甲型肝炎（χ~2=19.95）抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且抗体保护率差异亦有统计学意义（χ~2=24.77,P〈0.05）。结论新疆克拉玛依市0~6岁儿童麻疹、白喉及甲型肝炎抗体阳性率维持在较高水平,已达到卫生部规定的85%目标,但乙型肝炎和百日咳抗体阳性率偏低,说明此部分人群易受相应传染病的侵袭。Objective To understand antibody levels of EPI targeted diseases in Karamay City, forecast its epidemic trend,and evaluate its immunological effect, to provide scientific evidence for the work in the future. Methods Altogether 143 children of 0 to 6 year-old were selected with stratified random sampling method to detect the antibody levels of measles, pertussis,diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B and hepatitis A. Results The positive rates（from high to low） of antibody were diphtheria100.0%, measles 90.9%, hepatitis A 89.9%, hepatitis B 79.0% and pertussis 49.7%, with protection rate of measles of 76.9%.And geometric mean concentration（GMC） of measles, pertussis, diphtheria, hepatitis B and hepatitis A was 2 057.3 m IU/ml,34.2 IU/ml, 3.6 IU/ml, 838.1 m IU/ml, and 476.5 m IU/ml. There was statistical difference in protection rate of measles among different age groups（χ~2=40.40, P〈0.05）. And statistical difference（P〈0.05） in antibody positive rate of measles（χ~2=88.80）, pertussis（χ~2=13.96）, hepatitis A（χ~2=28.14） was found. Positive rate of antibody to hepatitis B was statistically different among different regions（χ~2=12.25, P〈0.05）. There was no statistical difference（P〉0.05） in positive rate of antibody of pertussis（χ~2=0.32）, diphtheria（χ~2=0.00）, hepatitis B（χ~2=2.74） and hepatitis A（χ~2=0.98）among people with different sex. Positive rate of antibody was found statistically different（P〈0.05） in doses of measles（χ~2=70.15） and hepatitis A（χ~2=19.95）, and it was also found in protection rate of measles doses（χ2=24.77, P〈0.05）. Conclusions The levels of measles, diphtheria, hepatitis A antibody among children of 0-6year-old in Karamay city are high, and reach the target（85%）. And the positive rate of antibody hepatitis B and pertussis is low, suggesting the group of people is vulnerable to the related infectious disease.

关 键 词：儿童 免疫规划 针对传染病 抗体水平 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]