2011年-2014年厦门市环境和职业暴露人群禽流感监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza in environment and among occupational exposed population in Xiamen during 2011-2014

作　　者：刘红莲[1] 郑惠能[1] 颜玉炳[1] 蒋丽娜[1] 沈惠燕 

机构地区：[1]厦门市疾病预防控制中心,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2016年第1期109-112,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的了解厦门环境禽流感病毒分布情况及职业暴露人群高致病性禽流感病毒感染情况。方法采用实时RT-PCR对环境标本进行禽流感病毒核酸检测;采用血凝抑制试验对职业暴露人群血清标本进行H5N1抗体检测,2014年增加H7N9抗体检测。结果环境标本A型流感病毒阳性率为40.08%,各病原阳性率由高到低依次为H9(33.97%)、H7(5.22%)、H5(3.82%)。25家城乡活禽市场,H9阳性24家,H7阳性15家,H5阳性11家;6处家禽散养户集中的地区,H9和H5阳性各1处;4家家禽规模养殖场(户)均无阳性。H9阳性率以12月-次年1月最高。5种类型标本阳性率由高到低依次为宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭标本(50.00%)、禽类饮水(44.88%)、清洗禽类的污水(44.44%)、笼具表面擦拭标本(44.38%)、粪便(34.27%)。574份职业暴露人群血清H5N1、H7N9抗体均阴性。结论厦门市城乡活禽市场存在H9、H7、H5;家禽散养户集中的地区仅个别地区个别时间存在H9和H5;家禽规模养殖场(户)未发现禽流感病毒。职业暴露人群未发现H5N1和H7N9感染。Objective To investigate the distribution of avian influenza virus in environment and the infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus among occupational exposed population in Xiamen. Methods Environmental samples were detected by real - time PCR for avian influenza virus nucleic acid, and serum specimens of occupational exposed population were detected by hemagglutination inhibition for H5N1 antibody, and H7N9 antibody test was added in 2014. Results The positive rate of influenza A virus was 40.08% , and the positive rates of H9, H7, H5 were 33.97% , 5.22% , 3.82% in environmental samples, respectively. There were 24 markets with H9 positive, 15 markets with H7 positive, and 11 markets with H5 positive among the 25 urban and rural live poultry markets ; there was 1 with H9 positive and 1 with H5 positive among the 6 poultry scattered raising- households; and no positive in the 4 poultry farms （households） was found. The positive rate of H9 was the highest from December to the next January. The positive rates of the five types of samples were as follows（from high to low） ： samples of poultry meat chopping board （50.00%）, drinking water of poultry （44.88%）, water of cleaning poultry sewage （44.44%）, samples of wiping the cage surface（44.38% ）, fecal （34.27%）. 574 serum of occupational exposed population were tested negative for H5N1 and H7N9 antibody. Conclusion Xiamen urban and rural live poultry markets were in the presence of H9, H7 and H5 ; poultry scattered raising households were only in presence of H5 and H9 in individual areas and individual time; avian influenza virus wash＇ t found in poultry farms （households）. The occupational exposed population weren＇ t infected with H5N1 and H7N9.

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 环境 职业暴露人群 监测 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]