巢湖流域和太湖流域沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯的生态风险评价  

Ecological risk assessment of sediment-associated permethrin and esfenvalerate in Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake watersheds

作　　者：赵晨[1,2] 彭书传[1,2] 陈天虎[1,2] 谢玉为[3] 张效伟[3] 王继忠[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230009 [2]合肥工业大学纳米矿物与环境材料实验室,合肥230009 [3]南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2016年第3期1080-1091,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41390244);污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室开放课题(No.PCRRF14002)~~

摘　　要：分析了巢湖流域和太湖流域表层沉积物中苄氯菊酯和高效氰戊菊酯,并结合毒性单元法(Toxic Unit,TU)和物种敏感性分布法(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)评价了两种拟除虫菊酯的生态风险.结果显示,两大流域沉积物中均广泛检测出两类污染物.总体而言,巢湖流域苄氯菊酯含量较高,而太湖流域高效氰戊菊酯含量较高.同时,两种污染物在巢湖流域呈现显著的正相关,但太湖流域二者之间没有相关关系.3种风险评价方法(TU法、沉积物SSD法、水体SSD法)均揭示苄氯菊酯对巢湖流域水生环境影响较大,而高效氰戊菊酯对两个流域影响均较大.因此,需要加强对流域高效氰戊菊酯污染的关注.其中,TU法预测的风险最小,沉积物SSD法预测的风险最大,主要原因在于TU法采用的毒性数据为LC50,而SSD法则选用了NOEC/LOEC,同时沉积物SSD法是出于保护大部分底栖生物为目的的方法.各种方法对于评价沉积物毒害污染物的生态风险均存在不足,尽管沉积物SSD法最为合理,但由于其毒性数据较少,最终预测结果存在一定的不确定性.因此,需要进一步加强对底栖生物毒性的研究和数据积累.In the present study permethrin and esfenvalerate in the surface sediments from Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake watersheds were determined,and ecological risks of two pyrethroids were evaluated using toxic unit（ TU） and species sensitivity distribution（ SSD） models.The results indicate widespread occurrences of two target synthetic pyrethroids.Totally,higher concentration of sediment-associated permethrin was observed in Chaohu Lake watershed,while higher residue of esfenvalerate was investigated in Taihu Lake watershed. Furthermore,permethrin tended to positively correlate against esfenvalerate in Chaohu Lake watershed,but the concentrations of two contaminants were independent in Taihu Lake watershed. Chaohu Lake watershed was exposed high ecological risks to both insecticides,and Taihu Lake watersheds was exposed higher ecological risk to esfenvalerate than to permethrin evaluated by three models. The lowest risks were predicted by TU,because only LC50 was applied in this method. The highest risks were predicted by SSD for benthic habitats,which was explained in part by the model being developed to protect the large proportion of benthic species. The three models for the evaluation of ecological risk to sediment-associated contaminants are not perfect. Despite SSD for benthic habitats is more suitable,there are many uncertainties in final results due to lack of enough benthic organisms associated toxic data. Therefore,further research need to be carried out on the toxicological studies ofbenthic organisms.

关 键 词：拟除虫类菊酯 太湖流域 巢湖流域 物种敏感性分布 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]