广州市5～17岁儿童视力不良筛查与屈光检查结果比较  

Comparison of visual acuity and refractive test results among 5 to 17 years old children in Guangzhou City

作　　者：麦锦城 曾阳发[2] 郭仰峰 

机构地区：[1]广东省广州市中小学卫生健康促进中心,510000 [2]中山大学中山眼科中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第2期178-180,183,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解广州市5～17岁儿童近视流行的客观状况,为评价标准对数视力表筛查视力不良的有效性提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法并经家长知情同意,对广州市6 580名学龄前儿童和中小学生进行远视力表筛查,对其中视力〈5.0的3 712名学生进行散瞳验光检查。结果散瞳前儿童的视力不良检出率为56.5%,视力不良的轻度、中度和重度构成比分别为14.9%,27.7%和57.4%;散瞳后的近视检出率为34.6%,远低于散瞳前的视力不良检出率（χ2=633.549,P〈0.01）。近视的轻度、中度和高度的构成比分别为65.6%,31.0%和3.4%;低年龄组视力不良学生主要以远视为主,随着年龄的增长逐步演变为以近视居多,而屈光正常属功能性近视的比例为11.4%。结论 5～17岁儿童近视患病率符合传统的年龄规律,远视力表筛查结果不能全面客观反映学生近视流行的真实状况,应修订现行的学生视力筛查方法和标准。Objective To determine the objective measurement of myopia among 5-17 years old children in Guangzhou City, and to evaluate the effectiveness of international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart for visual acuity screening. Methods Through stratified random cluster sampling method and informed consent of the parents, 6 580 children from kindergarten, primary and secondary school in Guangzhou were screened for the distant visual acuity, among them 3 712 children with visual 〈0.5 were further received eye dilation examination. Results The prevalence rates for low vision before mydriasis was 56.5%, with mild, moderate and severe vision loss rate being 14.9%, 27.7% and 57.4%, respectively. After mydriasis, the rate of low vision was 34.6%, significantly lower than before mydriasis（χ2 =633. 549, P〈0. 01）, with mild, moderate and severe vision loss rate being 65.6%, 31.0% and 3.4%, respectively. Hyperopic was most common cause of vision impairment among young children, preva- lence of myopia increased with age. Functional myopia accounted for 11.4% of all the children. Conclusion Prevalence of myo- pia among children aged 5-17 is in line with the age characteristics, while visual acuity screening for distance vision is found to be ineffective. Current vision referral criteria should be updated.

关 键 词：视力 低 屈光 眼 儿童 

分 类 号：R174.6[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R770.421[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]