控释肥料在华北潮土小麦–玉米轮作体系中的施肥效应  

Effects of Controlled-release Fertilizer on Wheat-maize Rotation System in Fluvo-aquic Soil in North China

作　　者：梁钢[1,2] 梁林洲[1] 董晓英[1] 沈仁芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2016年第1期53-58,共6页Soils

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CB127401);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX2-EW-N-08)资助

摘　　要：通过大田试验,研究了华北潮土区控释肥料对小麦–玉米轮作体系下作物产量、氮素平衡及土壤氮素残留的影响。结果表明:相比常规施肥处理(CK),减氮20%并配施20%控释肥处理(CRF20%)在玉米季的产量和总生物量都无显著下降,而在麦季时则有一定减产,但产量高于单一减氮20%处理(–N20%)。由于无需追肥,CRF20%处理在玉米季的相对收益分别比CK和–N20%处理多581和1 896元/hm2,在麦季时则和CK处理基本持平。CRF20%处理能减少氮素的盈余量,维持氮素输入和输出的表观平衡,特别是在玉米季中,氮素的盈余仅为4.6 kg/hm2。同时,玉米-小麦季后CRF20%处理下的耕层土壤中可维持较高的氮素水平,减少氮素的损失。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on crop yield, nitrogen balance and soil nitrogen residual of wheat-maize rotation system in Fluvo-aquic soil in North China. The results showed that the treatment with adding 20% controlled-release fertilizer / reducing 20% nitrogen fertilizer（CRF20%） could maintain maize yield and biomass compared to the conventional fertilization treatment（CK）, decreased wheat yield and biomass, however, it was higher than the treatment of nitrogen reducing 20%（–N20%）. Due to the elimination of top-dressing, and the CRF20% treatment got 581 and 1 896 Yuan RMB/hm2 relative income higher than the CK and –N20% treatment in maize season, while in the wheat season the relative income of the CRF20% treatment and CK were nearly the same. The CRF20% treatment can reduce nitrogen surplus and maintain the apparent equilibrium between nitrogen input and output, especially in the maize season with a nitrogen surplus of only 4.6 kg/hm2, thus it can maintain nitrogen in topsoil to reduce nitrogen loss into the environment.

关 键 词：小麦–玉米轮作 控释肥料 氮肥减施 经济收益 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]