某教学医院连续3年医院感染横断面调查  

Cross- sectional investigation on infection in a teaching hospital during three consecutive years

作　　者：龙盛双[1] 张啟鹏 胡潇云[1] 钟鸣[1] 王勰[1] 秦桂英[1] 邱隆敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院附属医院,贵州遵义563003

出　　处：《中国消毒学杂志》2016年第2期163-165,共3页Chinese Journal of Disinfection

摘　　要：目的了解住院病人医院感染现患率及横断面调查抗菌药物使用情况,为有效预防和控制医院感染提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,对某教学医院连续3年在相同季节进行医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用情况调查。结果该医院在2012-2014年连续3次横断面调查,实查率在99%~100%;医院感染现患率依次为4.25%、3.27%和2.80%,呈现下降趋势,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）。医院感染部位均以下呼吸道居首位,其次是泌尿道和手术部位感染。连续3年调查当日抗菌药物使用率分别为32.82%、34.01%和34.82%;治疗用药分别为69.76%、61.16%和59.11%;预防用药分别为25.13%、33.54%、和39.55%。治疗用抗菌药物的患者病原学标本送检率分别为56.37%、49.84%和54.65%。结论该医院住院患者医院感染现患率逐年降低,抗菌药物使用基本合理,需进一步加强重点部位感染控制。Objective To evaluate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections（ NI） and the use of antimicrobial agents in three consecutive years,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of NI. Methods The corss- sectional investigation were conducted in the same season of three consecutive years,NI prevalence rates as well as antimicrobial use were analyzed. Results Three cross- sectional investigations were carried out during 2012- 2014,the actual investigation ratse were between 99% ~ 100%. The prevalence rate was 4. 25%,3. 27%,and 2. 80% respectively,showing a descending trend. The differences of the prevalence rates for the four years were significant（ P = 0. 004）. The most common infection site was lower respiratory tract,followed by urinary tract and surgical site. The daily utilization rates of antibacterial drugs were respectively 32. 82%,34. 01%,34. 82% in the three consecutive years. The utilization rates of antibiotics for therapeutic purpose were 69. 76%,61. 16%,59. 11% and that for preventive purpose were 25. 13%,33. 54%and 39. 55%; The submission rate of the etiological specimens of patients who took drugs for therapeutic purpose in the three years were respectively 56. 37%,49. 84%,54. 65%. Conclusion The prevalence rate of NI decreases year by year in this hospital. The use of antimicrobial agents is reasonable. But the hospital should further reinforce the control of key infection sites.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]