昭通乌天麻最佳采收期研究  

Studies on Optimal Harvest Period of Zhaotong's Gastrodiae Rhizoma( Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow)

作　　者：刘金美 田治蛟 戴堃 张昌飞 余显伦 郭友刚 刘大会[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]昭通市天麻研究院,云南昭通657000 [2]昭通市天麻特产局,云南昭通657000 [3]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2016年第2期189-192,共4页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAK13B04);云南省科技计划联合支持国家项目(2014GA006);云南省科技计划重点项目(2012CG022)

摘　　要：目的:通过考察昭通彝良小草坝和钟鸣两产区的乌天麻不同采收期的块茎大小、干物质积累和有效成分含量的变化规律,为确定昭通乌天麻的最佳采收期提供理论依据。方法:鲜天麻洗净,蒸制后置于电热鼓风干燥箱中干燥至恒重,检测的天麻个头大小、产量、折干率、天麻素和浸出物含量。结果:钟鸣和小草坝两产区的乌天麻的各项指标在整个考察期见均呈现先增后减的趋势,其中块茎长度和鲜重均以9月份增长速度最快,12月到次年2月变化不大,次年3月开始有小幅度下降的趋势;干重则是在11月至12月达到最高,并在次年3月份也开始下降;折干率、浸出物含量和天麻素含量均以11月最高,其中折干率最大值分别为30.36%和26.60%,天麻素含量最大值分别为0.57%和0.53%,二者均在11月到次年3月逐步下降,且在3月份下降幅度较大;浸出物含量最大值分别为24.7%和25.1%,其在11月到次年1月变化不大,而在2月到3月时开始大幅度下降。不同产区间相比,低海拔的钟鸣产区乌天麻个头较大,折干率较高,天麻素含量略高。结论:综合分析所考察两产区的乌天麻不同采收期的大小、产量和内含物变化规律,昭通乌天麻最佳采收期为11月到次年2月。Objective： The Xiao caoba and Zhong ming two regions in Zhao tong were investigated to determine the best harvest time of Zhaotong＇s Gastrodia elata f. glauca. Accumulation of dry matter and the changing rule of the effective composition content were investigated. Methods： Fresh G. elata f. glauca were washed,steamed and then put in electric drum wind drying oven dryingto constant weight,examined detective index,the method was based on ＂Chinese pharmacopoeia＂2010 version. Results： Each index of Zhong Ming and Xiao caoba two producing areas of G. elata f. glauca showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing in the whole study period,including tuber length and fresh weight in the fastest growth in September,little change in December to February of the flowing year,March began a small downward trend. Dry weight was the highest in November- December,and also started to decline in the following year in March. Drying rate,extract content and the content of gastrodin were the highest in November,the maximum values of drying rate were 30. 36% and 26. 60%,the content of gastrodin were 0. 57% and 0. 53%,respectively,both of the two in November to February of the following year to gradually declined. Extract content maximum values were 24. 7% and 25. 1%,respectively. The change of November to January was minor,but dropped considerably from February to March. Conclusion： Comprehensive analysis examines two areas of G. elata f. glauca of size,yield and contents variation in different harvest period,from November to February of the next year is the best harvest period for Zhaotong＇s G. elata f. glauca.

关 键 词：昭通乌天麻 干物质积累 折干率 天麻素 动态研究 采收期 

分 类 号：R282.71[医药卫生—中药学]