论美国大学与联邦实验室技术转移政策的差异  

Comparison between technology transfer policy of universities and federal laboratories in America and its implications

作　　者：骆严 朱雪忠[2] 焦洪涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉发展战略研究院,湖北武汉430074 [2]同济大学知识产权学院,上海200092 [3]华中科技大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《科学学研究》2016年第3期373-379,共7页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(12&ZD073)

摘　　要：美国市场主导型的大学与政府主导型的联邦实验室在技术转移中的差异性直接映射在科技政策中,1980年《史蒂文森——怀德勒技术创新法》与《拜杜法案》分别确立了联邦实验室与大学技术转移的核心制度,前者在于"设定义务",后者在于"下放权利",虽然二者不断交叉与融合,但仍保持制度内在逻辑的差异性。我国的法律移植过程,忽视了高等学校、国立科研机构与美国大学、联邦实验室的差异,忽视了美国技术转移政策之间的差异。美国的经验对我国"拜杜规则"的完善、国立科研机构的建设具有启示意义。In America,the differences between market- oriented universities and government- oriented federal laboratories have a direct influence on American technology transfer policies. ＂Stevenson- Wydler Technology Innovation Act＂and ＂Bayh – Dole Act＂passed at 1980 established the core system for technology transfer in federal laboratories and universities,respectively. The former act emphasizes the ＂definition of obligations＂,while the latter stresses the ＂decentralization of right＂. Although these two acts are intertwining with each other constantly,but their distinct internal logics are unchanged. However,in China,the above mentioned difference is totally neglected during the legal migration process. In this paper,the experience in America is studied to help improve ＂Bayh-Dole rule＂and national research institutions construction in China.

关 键 词：高等学校 国立科研机构 联邦实验室 《史蒂文森——怀德勒技术创新法》 《拜杜法案》 

分 类 号：G327[文化科学]