奇异夸克物质：从奇异子到奇异星  

Strange quark matter: From strangelets to strange stars

作　　者：夏铖君[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理论物理研究所、理论物理国家重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2016年第1期219-243,共25页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(批准号:11135011,11120101005,11275248,11475110,11525524)

摘　　要：奇异夸克物质是量子色动力学预言的一种新型物质,由数量大致相同的u,d,s夸克和少量的电子组成.在20世纪七八十年代,Witten和Bodmer等人推测奇异夸克物质可能是强相互作用的真正基态.如果这个推测成立,那么必然存在由奇异夸克物质组成的集团结构,如奇异子和奇异星等.本文介绍奇异夸克物质的研究背景,在此基础之上,探讨奇异子和奇异星理论研究和实验探索的进展.为了更准确地描述奇异夸克物质集团的性质,本文应用夸克集团统一模型研究了从奇异子到奇异星各类不同大小的奇异夸克物质集团.发现奇异夸克物质集团的平均重子能量随重子数的增大而减小,并且其夸克核心部分的比电荷比之前理论计算得到的数值大.在核心表面处,还存在带负电粒子的一个电势阱,有可能为奇异夸克物质的探测提供新的线索.对于旋转的奇异星,由带电夸克核心转动所产生的磁场接近于脉冲星的磁场强度.Strange quark matter （SQM） is a new type of matter predicted by quantum chromodynamics （QCD）. It is mainly composed of a roughly equal number of u, d, s quarks and a small amount of electrons. At the beginning, Witten and Bodmer et al. conjectured that SQM might be the true ground state of QCD. If true, there should exist objects consisting of SQM, e.g., strangelets and strange stars. The background of SQM is introduced in this paper, while the development of theoretical and experimental studies of strangelets and strange stars is reviewed. To describe the properties of SQM objects more precisely, the Unified Quark Nugget Model is applied to objects ranging from strangelets to strange stars. It is found that the energy per baryon decreases monotonously with increasing baryon number, while the charge-to-mass ratio of the SQM core is larger than previous predictions. On the core surface, an electric potential well is formed for negatively charged particles and may give some unique observables for SQM detection. For a rotational strange star, the rotating charged core produces a magnetic field comparable with the typical strength of pulsars.

关 键 词：奇异夸克物质 奇异子 奇异星 夸克集团统一模型 

分 类 号：O572.33[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]