棉籽粕化学脱除棉酚的试验研究  

Study on Detoxification of Gossypol in Cottonseed Meal by Chemical Methods

作　　者：王薇薇[1] 周天兵[1,2] 李爱科[1] 韩飞[1] 宋代军[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家粮食局科学研究院,北京100037 [2]西南大学动物科技学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2016年第2期564-571,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划"粮油收购数字化质量安全检测关键技术研究"(2013BAD17B03);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划"新型优质蛋白饲料原料生产关键技术研究"(2011BAD26B01-3)

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨棉籽粕化学脱毒的最佳方法。试验1,通过研究不同水分、温度和作用时间对棉酚脱毒率的影响,确定棉籽粕的脱毒作用最佳水热条件。结果发现,在60~100℃、水分8%~16%和时间20 min^8 h条件范围内,随着温度、水分添加量、作用时间增加,棉籽粕脱毒率越高。试验2,比较10种常见单一化学脱毒剂的脱毒效果。研究发现,硫酸亚铁(Fe SO_4)、硫酸铜(Cu SO_4)和双氧水(H_2O_2)脱毒效果较佳,脱毒率均达到40%以上,然而,Fe SO_4脱毒棉籽粕颜色发黑并带有铁锈味,故Cu SO_4和H_2O_2为较优的单一棉酚脱毒剂。试验3,将Cu SO_4和H_2O_2制成混合脱毒剂,研究其最佳反应条件,并验证其脱毒效果。结果发现,80℃、16%脱毒剂添加量和烘1 h为最佳脱毒条件,且此混合脱毒剂的游离棉酚和结合棉酚的脱毒率均在84%以上;虽然脱毒后脱毒棉籽粕粗蛋白质含量稍微降低(P>0.05),但粗蛋白质消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,水分、温度、作用时间都是影响棉籽粕化学脱毒的重要因素,在控制好这3个条件的情况下(80℃、16%脱毒剂添加量和密闭烘1 h时间),选用H_2O_2、Cu SO_4配制成一种混合脱毒剂,能有效脱除棉籽粕棉酚并且提高棉籽粕粗蛋白质消化率和仿生消化能,为棉籽粕脱毒加工提供良好的理论和技术支持。This study was conducted to explore an optimal chemical method to remove gossypol from cottonseed meal. Test 1,we studied the effects of moisture,temperature and treatment time on detoxification rate of gossypol,to explore an optimal moisture and temperature for detoxification of gossypol. We found that under the condition of 60 to 100 ℃,8% to 16% of moisture and 20 min to 8 h of time,the detoxification rate was increased with the increases of moisture,temperature and time. Test 2,we compared the detoxification effects of 10 chemical detoxication reagents,and found that the detoxification effects of ferric sulfate（ Fe SO_4）,copper sulphate（ Cu SO_4） and hydrogen peroxide solution（ H_2O_2） were better,of which detoxification rate were more than40%. How ever,the cottonseed meal after treatment of Fe SO_4 was turning black with rust taste. So Cu SO_4 and H_2O_2w ere the best single gossypol detoxicant. Test 3,we investigated the optimal condition for this mixed detoxicant and tested their effects. We observed that the optimum parameters for Cu SO_4 and H_2O_2as mixed detoxicant were 80 ℃,16% solvent consumption and 1 h heating. Under this condition,the detoxification rate for either free or bound gossypol was more than 84%. The mixed detoxicant slightly decreased the crude protein content of cottonseed meal（ P〉0. 05）,how ever,it increased the digestibilities of crude protein（ P〈0. 05）. In conclusion,moisture,temperature and time are important for chemical decoxification of cottonseed meal. Cu SO_4 and H_2O_2as mixed detoxicant,under control of these 3 conditions（ 80 ℃,16% supplementation of detoxicant and 1 h of close heating）,can effectively remove gossypol from cottonseed meal and improve the digestibility of crude protein and bionic digestive energy. Collectively,our study can provide a good theoretical and technical support for detoxificated cottonseed meal processing.

关 键 词：化学脱毒 棉籽粕 粗蛋白质 消化率 棉酚 

分 类 号：S816.9[农业科学—饲料科学]