“土地城市化”向“人口城市化”转变——一个分析框架及其政策含义  

The Shift of Urbanization Pattern: From “Land Expansion”to “Population Urbanization”:An Analytical Framework and Its Policy Implication

作　　者：张耀宇[1] 陈利根[1] 陈会广[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第3期127-135,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部哲学社会研究重大课题攻关项目"我国建设用地总量控制与差别化管理政策研究"(编号:11JZD031);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"城乡统筹发展中农民土地财产权的实现与利益共享机制研究"(编号:13YJA630126);国家自然科学基金项目"城乡统筹发展中土地要素流动及其收益共享的治理机制研究"(编号:71273133);中央高校基本科研业务费-南京农业大学新农村发展研究专项"新农村建设中农民土地权利保护和有偿退出研究"(编号:XNC2012004);中央高校基本科研业务费-南京农业大学人文社会科学研究基金(后期资助项目)"土地调控与城市理性增长的政策体系研究"(编号:SKHQ2011026)

摘　　要：本文将人口变量引入城市用地扩张的理论模型中,以级差地租收益分配为核心,剖析了人口增长与用地扩张之间的互动关系。研究发现,在政府主导的城市化发展中,受发展竞争驱动,地方政府将城市中决定用地规模的经济活动人口和享有公共物品的户籍人口割裂开来:一方面,尽可能多的扩张城市用地面积以容纳更多的经济活动人口、攫取地租收益;另一方面,在级差地租分配中,拒绝让非户籍移民以公共物品的形式分享城市增长中的级差地租收益,从而降低城市化发展的成本。地方政府在享有外来人口集聚带来的级差地租收益的同时却不必承担相应的公共物品成本,这种成本收益计算中的扭曲进而导致了城市增长中的用地过度扩张、整体社会福利水平下降的问题。有鉴于此,在城市化相关改革政策中,应当引入人地统筹的调控思路,将级差地租收益分配与人口市民化问题相挂钩,有助于实现城市增长中的人地关系协调,抑制过度"土地城市化"并合理推进"人口城市化"。This paper introduces the population variables into the theoretical model of the urban land expansion. Taking the distribution of the differential land rent as the key point, we discuss the relationship between the population growth and land expansion in the process of urban growth. Then we can draw the conclusion： in the urbanization mode which can be described as government dominated, driven by development competition, the local government divides the economically active population who decides the size of the land use and resident population who enjoy the public service into different parts： on the one hand, the local governments do their utmost to push the land expansion, so they can get more economically active population and more differential land rent. On the other hand, in the distribution of the differential land rent, the local government refuses the migration share the differential land rent through the public service, so governments can reduce the cost of urbanization. In this way, the local government ean enjoy the differential land rent because of the migration increase but not bear the cost of migration＇ s public service , so the local governments＇ calculation of the urban growth has been distorted, and such distortion will lead to the over-exploitation of land resources and the welfare loss of the whole society. Finally, in the reform of the China＇ s urbanization, the problem of the land and population should be planed as a whole, the distribution of the differential land rent need to considers the population urbanization, then we can optimize the man-land relationship in the urban growth. Especially we can control the land expansion at a reasonable speed and push the population urbanization appropriately.

关 键 词：土地城市化 人口城市化 级差地租 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]