生态产品市场化实现路径及二元价格体系  

Marketization Path of Ecological Products and Its Buy-sell Dual Structure Price System

作　　者：张英[1] 成杰民[1] 王晓凤[1] 鲁成秀[1] 贺志鹏 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东省海洋与渔业厅,山东济南250011

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第3期171-176,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：山东省环境规划研究院"环境保护市场推进机制及监管策略研究"(项目编号:20140116);山东省自然科学基金项目"根际对纳米Fe3O4在土壤-植物系统中生物效应的影响及机理研究"(项目编号:ZR2015DM012)

摘　　要：本文从微观经济学角度阐释生态产品的市场化实现路径及其价格机制。认为生态产品市场化路径的前提是存在有形的,能够体现劳动价值,可交换的产品实体。鉴于现有研究所讨论的生态产品价值的体现皆源于各环境要素的支撑,因此可将清洁的水、空气、土壤等优质环境要素凝练为生态产品的基本有形载体。在此基础上,本文指出政府提供生态产品的有效路径有三条:创造、维系改善及修复。其中修复路径是现阶段市场化的优先选择方式。通过结合现阶段我国新的环保商业化模式——合同环境服务这一新命题,本文构建了生态产品合同环境服务政府采购的有效市场化路径,即政府通过绩效合同采购第三方环保服务,以综合环境目标为合同标的,通过所采购的一体化环境修复项目实现提供良好的生态产品。在此基础上围绕生态产品价格组成,本文提出生态产品的二元价格体系:指出生态产品买入与卖出的不同经济行为对应着生态环境的保护与开发两种对立的发展模式,这两种市场行为的外部性存在正负两种情景。综合考虑生产资料所有者属性,本文创新性地提出生态产品市场交易应采用买入-卖出二元价格体系。买入价格也称保护价格,主要考虑生产成本与利润,生产成本即生态修复项目的费用支出,其中利润是购买者(政府)予以产品生产者(提供修复服务的环保服务商)适当的利润空间,作为该生产者经济行为正外部性的补贴;出让价格也称牺牲价格,包括生产成本、社会成本(外部性成本)、生产资料成本、利润等,其中出让行为价格组成中的社会成本获益是政府,应主要用于支付环境管理成本。值得注意的是,在二元价格体系中,学者们讨论的生态产品价值与买入价格相关性不大,在数值或更接近出让价格。This article interprets implementation of ecological product marketization path and its price mechanism from the perspective of microeconomics. We highlight that the marketization path of ecological product should take the premise of that the product entity should be tangible, interchangeable and can manifest the value of labor. In view of the existing research paper, the value of ecological products comes from the support of various environmental elements, so we take clean water, unpolluted air, healthy soil and other high quality environmental elements as basically physical carrier of the ecological products. On the basis of taking environmental elements as carriers of ecological products＇ tangible products, we points out that there are three effective ways for government to provide ecological products ： create, sustain, and remediation. And remediation path is the preferred way of marketization among the three. By combining the new environmental commercial mode Environmental Service Performance Contracting, an effective Ecological Products ＆ Environmental Service Performance Contracting marketization path is shaped. Through performance contract the government procurement sets integrated environment objectives as contract targets. The Environmental service corporation involved in the government procurement project offers integrated environmental remediation service, at the meantime, providing good quality ecological products. On these bases, give full consideration to the ecological product price, this paper puts forward a dual price system of ecological products. Firstly, the two different economic behaviors, buying and selling ecological product, correspond to two different development models, protecting and exploiting the ecological environment. In these two opposing scenarios the externalities of the two kinds of market behavior are totally different, plus or minus. Secondary, whether the government is the buyer or the seller, before it goes into the market, the ecological products＇ means of product

关 键 词：生态产品 市场化 修复 二元价格体系 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]