半刚性机械展开式气动减速技术述评  

Review of Semi-rigid Mechanical Deployable Aerodynamic Deceleration Technology

作　　者：张鹏[1] 李旭东[2] 白良浩[1] 尚明友[1] 张红英[2] 侯向阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部,北京100094 [2]南京航空航天大学飞行器先进设计技术国防重点学科实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2016年第1期1-9,共9页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家重大科技专项工程

摘　　要：针对传统的再/进入航天器存在载荷运输能力有限、再/进入载荷环境恶劣、研制成本较高等问题,美国提出了一种区别于柔性充气式展开的半刚性机械展开式气动减速技术。文章详细分析了该技术的结构组成;通过与传统再/进入气动减速技术比较,总结了该技术的技术特点及关键技术,并介绍了其研究进展。通过分析可知,半刚性机械展开式气动减速技术以其独特的结构形式及柔性防热系统,使其具备受整流罩包络约束小、运载效率高、减速效果好、过载及热量密度峰值低以及自定位、自缓冲、模块化通用接口等优点,具有广泛的应用前景,可为拓宽中国可展开气动减速技术研究途径提供思路。Currently, for the traditional re-entry and entry spacecraft a number of problem exist, such as low efficiency in payload carrying, harsh load environment in re-entry and entry and high cost in development. So the United States proposes a semi-rigid mechanical deployable aerodynamic deceleration technolo- gy（SMDADT） that is different from the flexible inflatable deployable aerodynamic deceleration technology. This paper analyzes the structure of the semi-rigid mechanical deployable aerodynamic deceleration technology, summarizes the technical features and key points of this technology by comparison with the traditional re-entry and entry aerodynamic deceleration technology, and introduces the research progress of this technology. Ac- cording to the analysis in this paper, because of the unique structure and flexible thermal protection system, this technology has some advantages, such as less dimension restriction by rocket fairing envelope, higher efficien- cy in payload carrying, better effect in aerodynamic deceleration, lower acceleration load and less peak heat flux. In addition, the semi-rigid mechanical deployable aerodynamic deceleration technology has the characte- ristics of self-localization, self-buffer, and universal modular interfaces. So this technology has wide application prospect and can provide more helpful ideas for the research of aerodynamic deceleration technology.

关 键 词：气动减速 机械式展开 柔性防热结构 气动特征 研究进展 

分 类 号：V423.6[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]