苏南丘陵茶园春季杂草群落多样性分析  

Diversity Analysis of Spring Weed Community in Tea Gardens in Southern Hilly Regions of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：张海艳[1] 朱叶芹[2] 孙国俊[1,3] 季敏[1] 李粉华[1] 韩敏[1] 袁方[1] 季忠 段康[1] 

机构地区：[1]金坛市植保植检站,江苏金坛213200 [2]江苏省植物保护站,江苏南京210036 [3]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州225009 [4]金坛市种子管理站,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第2期430-436,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004)子课题"茶树有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究"(200903004-43)和"江苏省农作物有害生物种类与发生危害特点研究"

摘　　要：茶园杂草是影响茶产量和品质的有害生物因素,调查研究其发生规律,可以为制定有效防治措施提供理论依据。为揭示不同生境茶园春季杂草的物种组成、生物多样性及其危害性,于2011和2012年的4月,调查了江苏金坛不同自然环境、不同管理措施、不同区域、不同种植时间茶园的春季杂草种类、数量、高度,进而基于数据的聚类分析以及生境特点,调查茶园被聚分成5个不同生境类群,进一步分析了不同生境类群内杂草群落的物种组成、生活型及生物多样性。结果表明:由于生境类型和管理水平导致的资源差异的影响,不同杂草群落的杂草科、属、种组成差异显著,群落结构存在明显分化,一年生与多年生杂草比例不同。类群I为繁缕(Stellaria media)+荠菜(Capsella bursa-pastoris)+猪殃殃(Galium aparine var.tenerum)+小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)杂草群落、类群II为猪殃殃+簇生卷耳(Cerastium caespitosum)+波斯婆婆纳(Veronica persica)杂草群落,这2种类群的杂草群落物种丰富度、多样性参数值与均匀度大,主要种较多,群落的结构复杂且稳定,对环境的变化或来自物种群落内部种群波动的缓冲作用强;类群III为看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)+小飞蓬+繁缕+簇生卷耳杂草群落、类群IV为菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne)+一年蓬(Erigeron annus)+鼠麹草(Gnaphalium affine)+小飞蓬杂草群落,它们的生物多样性各项参数值基本与其它类群相反,群落中优势种突出,极容易造成严重危害。类群V一年蓬+酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)+小飞蓬+菵草+泥胡菜(Hemistepta lyrata)杂草群落,群落结构不稳定,危害性较低。The weed infestation in tea gardens is one of the adverse biotic factors for tea yield and quality. Investigation of weed occurrence pattern would provide theoretical foundation for establishment of available measures in weed control. In order to reveal the composition, biodiversity and harmfulness of spring weeds in tea gardens of different natural environment, management practices, regions and tea planting time, species, a survey of density and height of weeds were conducted in April 2011 and 2012 in southern hilly regions of Jiangsu. Referred to habitat types, all sampling sites of the tea gardens were divided into five distinct groups through cluster analysis. The species composition, life type and biediversity of weed communities in those five groups were compared. The results showed that the significant differences in fami- ly, genera and species composition, variation in structure and different proportion between annual and perennial species of weed communities were found among different clusters, which attributed to the influence of habitat and management practices. In Group I and II, Stellaria media ＋ Capsella bursa-pastoris ＋ Galium aparine vat. tenerum ＋ Conyza canadens/s weed community and Galium aparine var. tenerum ＋ Ce- rastiurm caespitosum ＋ Veronica persica weed community occurred respectively. In those two groups, main species were more than the other groups, and species composition and community structure were stable and complicated which may allow the communities to buffer from disturb and environmental fluctuation. In Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ, there were Alopecurus aequalis ＋ Conyza canadensis ＋ Stellaria media ＋ Cerasti- urn. caespitosum and Beckmannia syzigachrte ＋ Erigeron annus ＋ Gnaphalium affine ＋ Conyza eanadensis repectively. The biediversity index values of weed community in Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were contrary to the other groups, whereas conspicuous dominant species exited and often caused serious harmfulness. Group V had Erigeron annus ＋ Oxalis corniculata ＋ Conyza c

关 键 词：茶园 春季杂草 不同生境类群 物种组成 相似性 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.12[生物学—植物学]