新疆旱区不同种植密度对花生光合生理及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Density on Photosynthetic Physiology and Yield of Peanut in Arid Regions of Xinjiang

作　　者：李强[1] 顾元国[1] 王娟[1] 贾东海[1] 张乐[2] 陈跃华[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]吉林省吉林市农业科学院,吉林132101

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第1期84-90,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目"新疆高产优质花生新品种筛选及高效种植模式研究"(ky2014030)~~

摘　　要：【目的】探寻在新疆旱区不同密度处理花生的光合生理及产量变化,找出在新疆特殊生态条件下密度与产量的最佳配置,以指导生产实践。【方法】设置5种(A^E)不同密度,采用随机区组设计,研究花生光合生理变化及产量性状变化规律。【结果】种植密度对花生干物质积累、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量及光合势影响较大,在出苗后44 d,在低密度范围内(1.35×105~1.5×105穴/hm2),单位面积干物质积累量随密度的增加呈增加趋势;在高密度范围内(1.65×105~1.95×105穴/hm2),单位面积干物质积累量随密度的增加呈减少趋势。不同群体密度下的叶面积系数随着生育期的增长不断增加,出苗后98 d达到最大值,出苗后107 d,密度进一步增加,叶面积系数反而下降。叶绿素含量整体趋势高密度处理(1.65×105~1.95×105穴/hm2)叶绿素含量高于低密度处理(1.35×105~1.5×105穴/hm2)。光合势在出苗后64~77 d的群体光合势最大,约占整个生育阶段的18%~20%。群体光合势随着密度的增加先升高后下降趋势。【结论】高密度处理(1.65×105~1.95×105穴/hm2)在干物质积累、叶面积指数及叶绿素含量变化相对均衡,而在经济性状及产量性状均优于低密度处理,相应的高密度配置在生产上更有利于产量形成。【Objective】To research photosynthetic physiology and yield change trend of peanut in different planting densities in Xinjiang arid regions and find out the best configuration of density and output to guide the practical production.【Method】Five different planting densities（ A- E） were designed in the experiment,and single- factor randomized block design was used to study the photosynthetic physiology and yield change trend of peanut.【Result】The results showed the planting densities greatly influenced the dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic potential of peanut. The dry matter accumulation amount per unit increased with the increase of the density in low density range（ 1. 35 × 105- 1. 5× 105 hole / ha）,The dry matter accumulation amount per unit decreased with the increase of the density in high density range（ 1. 65 × 105- 1. 95 × 105 hole / ha） in forty- four days after emergence. The leaf area index increased along with the growth period in different planting densities. The peak maximum was ninety-eight days after emergence. The leaf area index decreased along with the increase of the density in one hundred and seven days after emergence. The leaf chlorophyll contents was the high density range（ 1. 65 × 105-1. 95 × 105 hole / ha） was higher than low density range（ 1. 35 × 105- 1. 5 × 105 hole / ha）. The photosynthetic potential reached peak in sixty- four to seventy- seven days after emergence and accounted for about 18%-20% of the reproductive stage. The population LAD showed a downward trend after the first rise with the increase of the density.【Conclusion】The high density treatment（ 1. 65 × 105- 1. 95 × 105 hole / ha） on dry matter accumulation,leaf area index and chlorophyll content change relatively balanced,the economic characters and yield components were better than that of low density treatment. The high density configuration was more advantageous to yield in the production.

关 键 词：新疆旱区 花生 密度 光合生理 产量性状 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]