棉秆炭和炭基专用肥对棉花生长及产量的影响  

The Impact of Cotton Stalk Carbon and Carbon-based Specialty Fertilizer on the Cotton Growth and Yield

作　　者：孙宁川[1] 唐光木[1] 徐万里[1] 韩启龙[1] 罗志明[2] 高永建[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆沙湾县农业技术推广中心,新疆沙湾834700

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第1期163-169,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(ky2012059);新疆科技支撑计划项目(201431108)~~

摘　　要：【目的】新疆是我国最大的商品棉生产基地,部分主产区连作时间长,棉秆还田对土壤带来了一定的病虫害,研究棉秆炭和炭基专用肥对棉花生长及产量的影响,为棉花秸秆制备生物炭或生物炭基肥再返还到棉田提供依据。【方法】棉花秸秆长度控制在8-12 cm,在缺氧的环境下燃烧制炭。棉秆炭与化肥按一定的比例加工炭基肥,通过田间试验进行验证。【结果】与对照处理相比,生物炭处理与炭基肥处理提高花蕾数38%、92.3%,果苔数都提高25%,总生物量分别提高25.8%、39%,生物炭处理比对照增产28.9%,炭基肥处理比对照增产25.1%;棉花产量生物炭处理与炭基肥处理比较差异不显著（P〈0.05）。【结论】生物炭处理、炭基肥处理、对照处理的株高、SPAD值比较差异不显著,炭基肥处理与对照处理的花蕾数、果苔数比较差异不显著,而生物总量、产量有极显著提高,生物炭处理多项指标表现最好。【Objective】Xinjiang is the largest cotton production area in China due to a long time continuous cultivation period in many major cultivation places. The cotton straws returned to the soil bring a certain amount of soil pests. If the cotton stalks are changed into biochar or carbon base fertilizer and then returned to the cotton fields,they might turn the negative effect into something favorable advantage. 【Method】The cotton stalks length was controled in 8- 12 cm,in anoxic environments they were burned into charcoal. Biochar and fertilizer were combined by a certain percentage into base fertilizer and then it went through field trials.【Result】Compared with the control group,biochar treatment and carbon base fertilizer treatment increased the cotton buds by 38% and 92. 3%,the fruit moss by 25%,the total biomass by 25. 8% and 39%,respectively. As a result,t he yield was increased 28. 9% by the former one and 25. 1% by the latter. No obvious difference（ P〈0. 05） was found between the two treatments.【Conclusion】Among the biochar treatment,carbon base fertilizer treatment and the control treatment,the difference in SPAD value is not significant,the difference of bud number and fruit moss between carbon- based fertilizer treatment and the control treatment is not significantly either,but the total biomass and the yield was improved greatly. And,many indexes by biochar treatment are well.

关 键 词：棉花秸秆 生物炭 炭基肥 棉花产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S514