产妇对产后盆底功能与性功能障碍认知现状调查  

Postpartum women′s knowledge of postpartum pelvic floor function and female sexual dysfunction

作　　者：张紫琪[1] 廖碧珍[1] 李明慧[1] 杨亚宁[1] 徐晓阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院产科,重庆400016 [2]重庆医科大学附属第二医院妇产科

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2016年第4期19-22,共4页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：中华预防医学会科研资金支持项目(20132602);国家临床重点专科建设项目(2010305)

摘　　要：目的了解产妇对产后盆底功能与性功能障碍及相关影响因素的认知,探索降低产后女性盆底功能障碍性疾病发生的干预措施。方法对150名产后回院随访的产妇进行产后盆底功能知识问卷调查,并选择其中11名进行半结构式访谈,了解产妇对产后盆底功能与性功能障碍相关认知、问题及影响因素。结果产妇对盆底功能知识总得分为(64.61±10.73)分。得分最高的3个条目为性功能障碍的表现形式、粪失禁会影响患者身心健康、脱垂后有下坠感休息后减轻;得分最低的3个条目为增加腹压来排尿属于女性盆底功能障碍性疾病、排尿不尽感为下尿路功能障碍、疾病锻炼方法。访谈中产妇认为盆底相关知识健康教育来源仅限于孕妇学校及产后出院宣教;对产后性功能关注较少,不了解盆底功能与性功能的相关性。结论产妇对产后性功能障碍、盆底功能及锻炼认知不足;对产后盆底锻炼及产后性生活需求不高,主要受到自身认知、产后哺乳、家庭支持系统及专业指导的影响。护理工作者应对产妇采用多元化盆底功能健康教育,落实效果评价,指导产妇建立产后性生活与盆底功能的正确观念。Objective To investigate postpartum women′s knowledge of postpartum pelvic floor function and sexual dysfunction,and to explore measures to reduce the occurrence of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods A total of 150 puerperants were investigated in terms of their knowledge of postpartum pelvic floor function,and 11 of them additionally received semi-structured interviews about their awareness of pelvic floor dysfunction,current problems,and the influencing factors.Results The average total score of women′s knowledge of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction was（64.61±10.73）.They scored highest in the item of sexual dysfunction manifestation,followed by the items of ＂fecal incontinence can affect physical and psychological health＂ and ＂ having a feeling of something＇dragging＇or＇coming down＇at the presence of uterus prolapse and the sense of a lump can be relieved at rest＂,while they scored lowest in the items of ＂ urination through increasing abdominal pressure is a kind of pelvic floor dysfunction＂, ＂dripping belongs to lower urinary tract dysfunction＂ and ＂targeted pelvic floor training methods＂.Their knowledge of postpartum pelvic floor damage and rehabilitation came from pregnancy programs they participated in and from nurses′guidance at discharge.They had less concern about postpartum sexual function and were not aware of the relationship between pelvic floor function and sexual function.Conclusion Puerperants′awareness of postpartum pelvic floor function,sexual dysfunction and rehabilitation training are inadequate.They have low demand on postpartum pelvic floor training and sexual life,which is influenced by their own cognition,baby feeding,family support and professional guidance.Therefore,nursing staff should take various methods to deliver pelvic floor education to these women.

关 键 词：产妇 产后 盆底功能 性功能障碍 半结构式访谈 认知 

分 类 号：R473.71[医药卫生—护理学]