中国大陆城市PM_(2.5)污染时空分布规律  

Spatiotemporal pattern of ground-level fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) pollution in China's Mainland

作　　者：李名升[1] 任晓霞[2] 于洋[1] 周磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,北京100012 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2016年第3期641-650,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201304301)

摘　　要：为分析中国大陆城市PM2.5污染的时空分布规律,运用统计学方法和GIS技术对2014年开展PM2.5常规监测的161个城市进行分析,结果发现：仅8.1%的城市年评价结果达标,日均质量浓度超标天数占26.6%.夏季及春末、秋初PM2.5污染相对较轻,冬季污染较重.PM2.5的日变化曲线呈现不太明显的双峰分布,最低值出现在16：00前后,最高值出现在10：00前后,而凌晨至清晨保持相对较高的污染水平.京津冀及周边地区,中部地区的湖北、湖南、安徽PM2.5污染较重,东南沿海和云南、西藏污染相对较轻.PM2.5的空间分布与风速、相对湿度、土地利用等因素的空间分布具有较强的相关性.PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比值的平均值为0.591,空间上呈由西北向东南逐渐升高、南方高于北方的格局,时间上除1、2月份较高、5月份较低外,其余月份基本稳定在0.550.6.研究结果有利于从宏观上认识中国城市PM2.5污染的时空格局,从而针对性地开展环境污染防控.To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns law of PM2.5 pollution in China, statistical methods and GIS technology were used to analyze the ground-level PM2.5 monitoring results in 2014 from 161 cities at or above prefectural level in national air quality monitoring network. The results showed that only 8.1% cities met Grade II standard of ambient air quality standards（GB 30952012）, and about 26.6% days failed to meet Grade II air quality standards. Diurnal PM2.5 pollution was least in summer, late spring and early autumn, and was heavy in winter. Daily PM2.5concentration followed an indistinctive bimodal curve with minimum value around 16：00 and maximum value around 10：00. The pollution levels were relatively high from midnight to dawn. PM2.5 pollution was serious in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding area, as well as Hubei, Hunan and Anhui. PM2.5 pollution was least in southeast coast and Yunnan, Tibet. The spatial distribution of PM2.5 was significantly correlated with spatial distributions of wind speed, relative humidity, and land use. The average ratio of PM2.5 in PM10（PM2.5/PM10 ratio） was 0.591, which has spatial pattern of gradually increasing from northwest to southeast, and was higher in south region than in north region. Monthly average PM2.5/PM10 ratio was basically stable ranged in 0.550.6, excluding higher in January, February, and lower in May. The results could benefit to further understanding on the spatiotemporal patterns of PM2.5 pollution in China macroscopically, and promote to environmental pollution prevention and control measures accordingly.

关 键 词：细颗粒物(PM2.5) 时空分布 可吸入颗粒物(PM10) 比值 空气污染 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]