硐室爆破技术处理地下矿山采空区的实践  

Practice and Improvements of Chamber Blasting Technology in Handling Underground Mine Goaf

作　　者：刘武团[1] 菅玉荣 张亭[1] 张海磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北矿冶研究院,白银730900 [2]东升庙矿业有限责任公司,乌拉特后旗015042

出　　处：《爆破》2016年第1期84-88,104,共6页Blasting

摘　　要：为解决东升庙铅锌多金属矿长期空场法采矿后出现的空区灾害隐患严重等技术难题,结合现场实际,提出了包括采用硐室爆破崩落上盘围岩形成缓冲垫层处理采空区在内的系列技术方案。随着地下硐室爆破处理采空区实践的进行,不断提出改进方案,主要表现在将前期的硐室爆破改进为双层双排的硐室群爆破,并拓展采用了纵向立体错位、同向诱导崩塌的硐室群爆破技术,同时改进硐室工程布置和填塞形式,形成条形药包准空腔装药结构。通过爆破实践和爆破效果分析证明,这些技术改进不但改善了爆破效果,增加了围岩的崩落量,提高了缓冲垫层形成的质量,也丰富了硐室爆破技术体系,为消除空区灾害隐患,营造矿山下部开采安全环境奠定了良好的基础,具有一定的推广价值。Some goaf areas in Dongshengmiao Lead-Zinc Polymetallic mine under the open-stope mining cause major technical problems,including serious goaf disaster risks in recent years. In order to control goaf area,the scheme of up surrounding rock demolished by chamber blasting technology to form cushion layer was proposed to solve the goaf area problems. Some solutions were used,including developing the double-level and double-row chambers-blasting technology,adopting vertical-dimensional dislocation and horizontal-induced collapse chambers blasting method and improving chamber layout and filling form by trip quasi-cavity charge. By which,the blasting effect and quality of cushion layer got improved and the caving rock amount was also increased. Blasting practice and effect analysis show that the technical improvements help to eliminate goaf disaster risk and to create a good foundation for mining safety.

关 键 词：硐室爆破 采空区处理 缓冲垫层 准空腔装药 

分 类 号：TD235.4[矿业工程—矿井建设]