崖爬藤的生态生物学特征及其扦插繁殖技术  

Ecological and biological characteristics and cutting propagation techniques of Tetrastigma obtectum

作　　者：袁莲莲[1,2] 王少平[1] 雷泽湘[2] 钟才荣[3] 唐志信 任海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650 [2]仲恺农业工程学院,广州510225 [3]海南东寨港国家级自然保护区管理局,海口571129 [4]广东连州田心省级自然保护区管理处,广东连州513400

出　　处：《广西植物》2016年第2期193-199,共7页Guihaia

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAJ10B03-5);广东省科技厅项目(2013B060400016)~~

摘　　要：崖爬藤为葡萄科常绿或半常绿藤本,具有重要园林绿化价值。该研究采用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法研究其叶片的形态结构。结果表明:崖爬藤平均叶面积(23.1 cm^2)较大,单位叶面积干重(4.4 mg·cm^(-2))较小,成熟叶厚约为195.5μm,栅栏组织不发达,胞间隙大。利用便携式LI-6400光合测定仪、PAM-2100荧光测定仪对崖爬藤光合生理生态指标进行研究。结果表明:其PSⅡ的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm(0.818)较高;叶片的净光合速率日变化呈单峰型,没有明显的光合午休现象,最大净光合速率Pn为3.691μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),出现在14:00时,变化趋势与光合有效辐射Par、大气温度T、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs等因子相同,与胞间CO_2浓度Ci相反,同时具有较高的水分利用效率(3.056μmol·mmol^(-1))。这都显示了崖爬藤喜阴湿环境,不耐寒且具有一定的耐旱特性,适合栽植于我国温度较高的南方地区。此外,以崖爬藤1~2年生老枝和当年生嫩枝为材料,经梯度溶液IBA处理进行扦插生根实验,结果表明,崖爬藤扦插繁殖迅速,生根率较高,以当年生嫩枝不经IBA处理直接扦插为最佳。该研究结果将为崖爬藤的栽培及开发利用提供重要的理论和技术指导。Tetrastigma obtectum is an evergreen or half evergreen vine species of Vitaceae family with great potentials to be used for landscape greening.Leaf morphology in T.obtectum was comparatively studied using epidermal maceration and paraffin methods.The result indicated that T.obtectum had large average leaf area（23.1 cm^2） and small leaf mass per area（4.4 mg · cm^（-2））.The blade thickness of it was about 195.5 μm,with underdeveloped palisade tissue.Large gaps between the cells of both palisade tissue and spongy tissue were good for T.obtectum to decrease the light transmission loss and improve the utilization of luminous energy,showing the suitability of shade and humid environment.With the aid of LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system and PAM-2100 portable chlorophyll fluorometer,the study on photosynthetic physiology was made.The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（0.818） was high,which was helpful for light-harvesting.At the same time,the high non-photochemical quenching could be favorable to dissipate excess light energy,which protected the photosynthetic tissue,and mitigated the effect of environment on photosynthesis.Its diurnal net photosynthetie rate in leaves showed a single peaked curve without midday depression.The peak value of net photosynthetie rate was 3.691 μmol · m^（-2） · s^（-1） occurring at about 14：00,and changes were close to the variations of photosynthetie active radiation,air temperature,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,but opposite to internal CO_2concentration.With the increase of net photosynthetie rate,CO_2 consumption increased significantly leading to the decrease of internal CO_2 concentration.Meanwhile,the daily average value of instantaneous water use efficiency was 3.056μmol · mmol^（-1）,fully embodied the strong utilization ability in water and weak light,and could keep high stomata aperture as well as high photosynthetie capacity.This showed that T.obtectum prefered to grow under shady and humid condition and had some tolerance to d

关 键 词：崖爬藤 园林绿化 叶片形态结构 光合生理 扦插繁殖 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]