有机、无机氮肥施用对苜蓿产量、土壤硝态氮和温室气体排放的影响  

Impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizations on alfalfa yield,soil nitrate and greenhouse gas emissions

作　　者：杨园园[1] 高志岭[1] 王雪君[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2016年第3期822-828,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41275163;31272247)资助~~

摘　　要：2012年5月—2014年6月,采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同氮肥管理对N_2O与CH_4的排放、土壤硝态氮含量以及苜蓿干草产量的影响.试验共设5个处理:对照(CK)、单施尿素处理(100 kg N·hm^(-2),CF)、尿素(100 kg N·hm^(-2))与腐熟牛粪(60 kg N·hm^(-2))混施处理(DM_1)、尿素(100 kg N·hm^(-2))与沼液(60 kg N·hm^(-2))混施处理(DT)及减量尿素(40kg N·hm^(-2))与牛粪(60 kg N·hm^(-2))混施处理(DM2).结果表明:与CK相比,CF、DM_1、DT和DM_2处理苜蓿干草产量分别增加44.2%、38.9%、56.3%和30.6%,N_2O排放分别比对照增加52.2%、89.1%、133.7%和59.4%,但各施肥处理对甲烷吸收表现出不同程度的抑制作用.苜蓿生产中,尿素和牛粪处理N_2O-N排放与肥料氮素投入量比值(排放系数)为0.25%~0.28%,而沼液处理N_2O-N排放系数为0.64%,显著高于前者.苜蓿生产中,施用化肥或有机无机混施均能显著增加苜蓿干物质产量,土壤硝态氮深层淋洗风险较小,但增加了CO_(2-equivalent)净排放量.Field plot experiment was carried out during May 2012 to June 2014 to investigate the impacts of nitrogen fertilizations on the emissions of nitrous oxide（ N2O） and methane（ CH4） from alfalfa field as well as the dry matter yield and soil nitrate contents. Five treatments including CK,urea（ 100 kg N·hm-2,CF）,urea（ 100 kg N·hm-2） ＋ dairy cattle manure（ 60 kg N·hm-2）（ DM1）,urea（ 100 kg N·hm-2） ＋ digestate（ 60 kg N·hm-2）（ DT） and reduced urea（ 40 kg N·hm-2） ＋ dairy cattle manure（ 60 kg N·hm-2）（ DM2） were conducted. Results indicated that in comparison with CK,CF,DM1,DT and DM2 treatments significantly increased the dry matter yields of alfalfa by 44. 2%,38. 9%,56. 3% and 30. 6%,and increased the N2O emissions by 52.2%,89.1%,133.7% and 59.4%,respectively,whereas the oxidation of atmospheric CH4 was reduced to different extents by these N management practices. The losses of N2O-N originated from urea and dairy cattle manure N accounted for 0.25%-0.28% of their inputs,whereas a greater value of 0.64% was observed for digestate N. Applying urea or organic N to alfalfa field could significantly increase the dry matter yield without significant NO3--N leaching,however,it would lead to higher net CO2-equivalent emissions of producing 1 t dry matter of alfalfa.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 有机无机配施 氧化亚氮 甲烷 增温潜势 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]