2011-2014年医院感染现患率调查与变化趋势分析  

Prevalence rates of nosocomial infections and variation trends from 2011 to 2014

作　　者：陈奕慧[1] 阮建锋[1] 史兆驹[1] 朱健强[1] 林红燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州医科大学附属第二医院医院感染管理科,广东广州510260

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2016年第5期1155-1158,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：广东省科技计划基金资助项目(2012B031800241)

摘　　要：目的了解医院感染的流行病学特征和变化趋势,为预防与控制医院感染提供科学数据。方法分别于2011年10月27日、2012年6月6日、2013年5月22日、2014年9月25日0∶00-24∶00对全院住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查,所有数据采用SPSS 14.0软件进行统计分析。结果 4年共调查住院患者5 282例,发生医院感染226例、315例次,医院感染现患率4.28%、例次感染率5.96%;4年感染科室均以中心ICU为主,分别占34.52%、34.25%、33.72%、16.67%,呈下降趋势;感染部位均以呼吸系统为主,分别占55.95%、68.49%、58.14%、61.11%;医院感染病原体前3位为鲍氏不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌,医院感染多药耐药鲍氏不动杆菌从2011年的50.00%下降至2014年的13.33%,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌从2011年的0上升至2014年33.33%。结论医院感染现患率调查结果的变化趋势客观反映了医院感染的现状,为制定医院感染预防控制措施提供可靠依据。OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial infections and analyze the variation trends so as to provide scientific data for prevention and control of nosocomial infections.METHODS The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were investigated for the patients who were hospitalized from 0∶00to24∶00on Oct 27,2011,Jun 6,2012,May 22,2013,and Sep 25,2014;all of the data were statistically analyzed with the use of SPSS 14.0software.RESULTS Of totally 5 282 hospitalized patients who were investigated in the four years,226（315case-times）had nosocomial infections with the prevalence rate of 4.28%,the case-time infection rate 5.96%.The nosocomial infections were the most prevalent in the central ICU,the patients with nosocomial infections accounted for 34.52%in 2011,34.25%in 2012,33.72%in 2013,16.67%in 2014.The patients with respiratory system infections accounted for 55.95%in 2011,68.49%in 2012,58.14%in 2013,61.11%in2014.The Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Escherichia coli ranked the top 3species of pathogens.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant A.baumannii dropped from50.00%in 2011 to 13.33%in 2014;the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections caused by extended-spectrumβ-lactamases（ESBLs）-producing K.pneumoniae increased from 0in 2011 to 33.33% in 2014.CONCLUSION The variation trend of the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections may objectively reflect the current status of nosocomial infections,which provides the reliable basis for prevention and control of the nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 变化趋势 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]