胁迫下的细胞程序性死亡鉴定有助于植物抗逆性  

Identifying stress-related programmed cell death improves research on plant resistance

作　　者：徐凌翔[1] 陈壬杰 许海锦 周元昌[1] 吴为人[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学作物遗传育种与综合利用教育部重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第8期809-818,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD01B0107)资助

摘　　要：细胞程序性死亡(PCD)在植物生存和进化上有重要的意义.近几年,遗传学、生理学、分子与细胞生物学技术的发展以及动物细胞理论的平行性对植物PCD的鉴定起了很大推动作用,但胁迫相关的PCD的鉴定仍有较大的复杂性.当今植物PCD的鉴定主要以探针染色分析核形为主,多种方法结合,但还需要更加可靠的表征和表征的量化.逆境下PCD的鉴定主要在3个方面有潜在应用价值:(ⅰ)多重抗性间的关联研究;(ⅱ)抗性遗传资源使用;(ⅲ)种质资源保存.本文主要结合实践中的PCD鉴定的应用前景来综述当前胁迫条件下植物PCD研究的进展.Programmed cell death （PCD） is essential to the survival and evolution of plants. Recently, the advance in the technology of plant genetics, physiology, molecular and cytological biology supports the study on the phenomena and mechnisms of plant PCD. In respect of phenomena, the significant progress includes the classification of two distinguish types of plant PCD： vacuolar PCD and necrotic PCD. The outstanding progress in mechnisms includes the discovery of the structure of a proteinase family： metacaspases, along with their role in survival/death decision or cell-death type controlling. However, complications in recognizing plant PCD still persist for little is genetically conserved between plants＇ and animals＇ PCD-regulation, so recognition of plant PCD depends on its parallels with more adequately studied animal PCD. Stress-related PCD is even more complicated comparing with developmental PCD because it contains briefly necrotic PCD and features of vacuolar PCD, while developmental PCD can be exclusively attributed to vacuolar PCD. Moreover, stress-related PCD is likely to be confused with non-programmed cell death. Identification of plant PCD consists of multiple methods including molecular biological methods, morphological methods and physiological methods. Up to date, fluorescent probe staining nucleis, which is a combination of molecular and morphological method becomes the most popular technique to label plant PCD and its effect is reinforced by other probes which label cell death or autophagic activity, morphological observation with electron microscope and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Still, both more reliable markers and quantification of marked events is required. Stress-related PCD is becoming more important against both biotic and abiotic stress and its identification would potentially improve the research in three respects： （i） correlating the resistances to multiple stresses; （ii） the utilization of disease-resistant genetic resources and （iii） the preservation of

关 键 词：坏死 类半胱天冬酶 DNA片段化 类病斑突变体 自噬 活性氧 

分 类 号：Q942.5[生物学—植物学]