栎树猝死病在云南省的时空传播模拟  

Spatiotemporal transmission for Sudden Oak Death in Yunnan

作　　者：方舟[1,2] 曹春香[1] 姬伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100094 [2]航天恒星科技有限公司,北京100086

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第8期901-911,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201504323);国家自然科学基金(41171330)资助

摘　　要：栎树猝死病(SOD)已在美国及欧洲等地持久地、大规模爆发,对当地森林生态系统和森林经济造成重大影响.栎树猝死病的主要寄主植物在中国都有广泛的分布,中国的气候条件也适合该病菌的发生与扩散.选取云南省作为中国典型研究区,分别针对EU与NA病菌谱系,考虑国外SOD发生地的病菌传播机制,在空间信息技术获取的环境因子支持下,构建病菌在云南省的时空传播模拟模型,研究假设栎树猝死病菌入侵后,病菌在云南省的时空传播规律.研究表明:NA谱系产生孢子的接触率和感染面积均高于EU谱系;两种谱系的模拟结果都较好地与在爆发地的监测数据吻合;分析表明如果栎树猝死病菌侵入中国,对感染栎树猝死病菌的寄主采取防治措施的时间应在4月之前.Sudden Oak Death （SOD） refers to the destructive forest and ornamental plant disease which is arisen from the Phytophthora ramorum, and this pathogen can bring the critical damage to the specific plants in the short time, with the involvement of the stem ulcer and die back, and it only takes several weeks from invasion to symptoms. The Phytophthora ramorum was firstly tested on Azalea and Viburnum dilatatum in Germany and Dutch in 1993, and presented to Lithocarpus densiflorus and Quercus in California coastal areas in 1996. On the basis of the condition of host which has been infected with the pathogen, its host is distributed widely, can endanger the broad-leaved tree and needle-leaved tree, and can also endanger the shrub; and furthermore, it can also endanger the mature forest when the seedlings are endangered. The Phytophthora ramorum is bisexualism, and now, two mating types have been found and four evolutionary lineages are provided： NA1, NA2, EU1 and EU2, wherein NA1 and NA2 lineages are located in the western North America, namely, coastal areas in California and Oregon; EU1 lineage was firstly founded in Europe and mainly affected Azalea, Viburnum dilatatum and other shrubs, and then, it was introduced to North America subsequently, but no large-scale outbreak was occurred, because this lineage is mainly found in seedling nursery. EU2 lineage was firstly found in Northern Ireland, and broken out in the west of Scotland and most areas of Europe; and it mainly affects Larix kaempferi. Canada, New Zealand, European Union, Korea, China, America and many other countries and regions have paid high attention to SOD, and taken the measures in succession to strictly prevent the pathogen from incoming and diffusing. Phytophthora rarnorum is included in the alien invasive species needing to be checked or investigated in accordance with the requirement of China＇s State Forestry Administration on Warning notification on forestry pests that requires the relevant forestry departments around the mainland to ca

关 键 词：栎树猝死病 时空动态模拟 元胞自动机 气象因子 遥感 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：S763[农业科学—森林保护学]