常见驱鸟剂成分检测与最佳组合初探  

Primary study on compositions of common bird repellents and optimization of their combinations

作　　者：赵永健[1] 崔国发[1] 刘润泽[2] 曲宏[2] 黄三祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]北京市园林绿化局野生动植物保护处,北京100013

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第2期306-311,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：北京市科学技术委员会科技计划项目(Z121100000312107)

摘　　要：【目的】确定常见驱鸟剂的有效成分及其安全性,并通过正交试验筛选出最佳的驱鸟成分组合,为驱鸟剂成分研究及合理搭配提供参考依据。【方法】综合GC-MS、IR、1H-NMR、XRF等方法对常见的11种驱鸟剂进行定性定量检测,并以灰鸽子为研究对象,选取有效成分邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、肉桂醛、樟脑油及辅助成分脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO-3）进行4因素4水平的正交试验,验证不同效应因子的驱避效果。【结果】从11种驱鸟剂中共检测出30种成分,包含了13种有效成分和17种辅助成分。正交试验结果显示,不同驱鸟剂组合对灰鸽子的驱避保有率在23.27%-84.91%,对驱鸟有效性的影响排序为：邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯〉肉桂醛〉樟脑油〉AEO-3,其中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯和肉桂醛对驱鸟有效性的影响达显著水平（P〈0.05）,而樟脑油与AEO-3对驱鸟效果的影响不显著（P〉0.05）。最佳的驱鸟剂组合为邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯45 m L/L、肉桂醛10 m L/L、樟脑油5 m L/L、AEO-3乳化剂0.5 m L/L,其驱避保有率为84.91%。【结论】按不同成分和剂量搭配的驱鸟剂组合具有不同的驱鸟效果,生产中可适当增加邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、肉桂醛的剂量以提高驱鸟效果。【Objective】The effective compositions and safety of common bird repellents were determined, and the optimal composition combination of bird repellents was screened out through orthogonal test, in order to provide reference for composition research and reasonable collocation of bird repellents. 【Method】Eleven kinds of common bird repellents were detected qualitatively and quantitatively by different methods including GC-MS, IR, 1H-NMR and XRF. And three effective components of bird repellents（methyl anthranilate, cinnamic aldehyde and camphor oil） and adjuvant component（AEO-3） were used as factors. Then the orthogonal test of 4 factors and 4 levels was conducted to verify repelling effects of different factors using grey pigeon as object. 【Result】A total of 30 components were detected from 11 kinds of bird repellents, including 13 effective components and 17 adjuvant components. The results of orthogonal test showed that, using different composition combinations of bird repellents, the food remaining ratio of pigeon ranged from 23.27% to 84.91%,therefore, the components of common bird repellents was ranked according to their anti-bird effectiveness, as follows：methyl anthranilate cinnamic aldehyde camphor oil AEO-3. Furthermore, methyl anthranilate and cinnamic aldehyde showed significant anti-bird effectiveness（P〈0.05）, while camphor oil and AEO-3 showed non-significant anti-bird effectiveness（P〈0.05）. The optimal composition combination included methyl anthranilat of 45 ml/L, cinnamic aldehyde of 10ml/L, camphor oil of 5 ml/L and AEO-3 of 0.5 ml/L, the food remaining ratio of pigeon was up to 84.91%. 【Conclusion】The bird repellent combinations with different compositions and contents have different anti-bird effects. In production, the dosage of methyl anthranilate and cinnamic can be increased appropriately to improve anti-bird effect.

关 键 词：驱鸟剂 成分检测 最佳组合 正交试验 驱避保有率 

分 类 号：S482.56[农业科学—农药学]