不同焊接工种锰接触水平差异对健康影响分析  

Analysis of manganese exposure level in different welding jobs and its effect on welding workers' health

作　　者：宋富军 杜喆 

机构地区：[1]天津市滨海新区大港疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,天津300270

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2016年第1期78-81,共4页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨不同焊接工种锰接触水平的差异及锰对电焊作业工人健康的影响。方法采用整群抽样方法,以某厂2009年入职的87名电焊作业工人为接触组(根据工作场所空气中锰水平分为低、中和高锰接触亚组),同时随机抽取同厂30名行政管理和技术人员为对照组。于2009—2013年连续5年测定接触组工作场所空气中锰水平,检测2组人群尿锰水平;于2013年对2组人群进行职业健康检查。结果接触组人群工作场所空气中锰水平从低到高依次为埋弧自动焊岗位<氩弧焊岗位<手把焊岗位(P<0.01)。2010—2013年接触组人群尿锰水平均高于同年度对照组(P<0.01);接触组人群及其3个亚组人群的尿锰水平均呈随锰接触时间的增加而增加的趋势(P<0.01);2012和2013年接触组人群尿锰水平呈随锰接触水平增高而增高的趋势(P<0.01)。接触组人群头晕、肢体酸痛和记忆力减退的检出率均呈随锰接触水平增加而增加的趋势(P<0.05)。结论不同的焊接工种锰接触水平的差异对电焊作业工人的尿锰及其健康状况有一定的影响。Objective To examine the difference of manganese exposure level in different types of welding jobs and its effects on electric welding workers＇ health. Methods Eight-seven electric welding workers recruited in 2009 were selected by cluster sampling method as exposure group. The exposure group was divided into low,middle and high sub-exposure groups based on the different manganese exposure levels in workplace air. Thirty administrative and technical personnel were selected as control group. Manganese exposure levels of exposure group in workplace air were continuously measured from 2009 to 2013 for 5 years. The urine manganese levels of control and exposure groups were detected. Occupational health examination was conducted in these two groups in 2013. Results The trend of manganese exposure level in workplace air of exposure group from low to high was submerged arc welding post gas tungsten arc welding post hand welding post（ P〈0. 01）. The urine manganese levels in exposure group in 2010-2013 were higher than those of control group in the same corresponding year（ P〈0. 01）. With the increase of manganese exposure time,urine manganese levels increased in exposure group and the 3 sub-exposure groups（ P〈0. 01）; in 2012 and 2013,the urine manganese levels of exposure group showed an increasing trend with the increase of manganese exposure level（ P〈0. 01）. The positive rates of dizziness,body ache and memory lost in exposure group had an increasing trend with the increase of manganese exposure level（ P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The difference of manganese exposure level in different types of welding jobs affects the urine manganese levels and health status of electric welding workers.

关 键 词：电焊工人 锰 尿锰 职业健康检查 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]