基于技术差距的长江水系主要内河港口效率  

A Study of the Efficiency of Major Inland Ports in the Yangtze River System Based on the Perspective of the Technology Gap

作　　者：张巧莉[1] 范元伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学管理学院,上海200093

出　　处：《工业工程》2016年第1期156-162,共7页Industrial Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71271138);上海市一流学科项目资助(S1201YLXK)

摘　　要：长江水系港口效率评价对科学反映港口效率现状,实现港口有效运营,建设长江经济带具有重要意义。为了弥补现有关于港口效率研究中忽略港口之间存在技术水平异质性的不足,从技术差异影响港口效率这一视角出发,在DEA分析的基础上结合共同边界技术（Meta-Frontier production function）,对长江水系主干线21家主要内河港口2010~2012年的共同效率、组群效率以及共同技术比率进行分析。结果显示,长江水系三大群组共同效率均值最大仅为0.27,总体上效率偏低,存在很大提升空间;群组效率均值分别为0.58、0.67和0.27,不同群组之间技术水平存在差异,技术水平受经济发展程度和地理位置的影响;群组三的共同技术比率为1,虽然达到了潜在最佳共同边界技术水平,但普遍存在管理组织上的无效率,群组一和群组二不论是技术水平还是管理效率都有待进一步提升;长江水系主要内河港口普遍存在严重的投入拥挤、产出不足现象。最后,就如何提升长江水系内河港口效率提出了建议。The evaluation of ports in the Yangtze River System is important to scientifically reflect the status quo of port efficiency,which contributes to further achieving the port efficient operation and to constructing the Yangtze River Economic Zones. The present researches about port efficiency neglected the technology gap of the ports. In order to make up this shortcoming,the meta-frontier efficiency,group efficiency and meta-technology ratio（ MTR） of 21 major inland ports in the main stems of the Yangtze River system during 2010 ~ 2012 are analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis（ DEA） and Meta-Frontier production function. The empirical analysis result shows that with the maximum mean value of meta-frontier efficiency being just 0. 27,the efficiency of major inland ports in the Yangtze River System is at a low level,and the efficiency of each group still has a very big promotion space; that with the values of average group efficiency being 0. 58,0. 67 and 0. 27,technological level varies in each group and is affected by the development of economy and geographic locations; that while MTR of Group Three is 1,it is up to the potentially best technology level but inefficiency of management is universal,and technology level and management efficiency of both Groups One and Two need to be enhanced,but the first thing for both is to continue to promote technology level. Furthermore,the Data Envelopment Analysis projection shows that the phenomenon of input congestion and output deficiency is serious in the inland ports of the Yangtze River System. Finally,some measures are put forward to improve the efficiency of inland ports in the Yangtze River System.

关 键 词：数据包络分析 共同边界 共同技术比率 

分 类 号：F552[经济管理—产业经济]