一种新型腰椎动态固定系统的初步生物力学分析  

Design and primary biomechanical study of a novel dynamic fixation system for lumbar spine

作　　者：孔繁林[1] 米盼盼[1] 张天一[1] 吴建伟[1] 乔金环[1] 丁亮华[2] 陈胜乐[1] 樊国峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油中心医院骨科,河北廊坊065000 [2]苏州大学附属第三医院骨三科

出　　处：《中国骨与关节损伤杂志》2016年第3期241-243,共3页Chinese Journal of Bone and Joint Injury

摘　　要：目的设计一种后路腰椎椎弓根动态固定系统，并对其进行生物力学试验，从而为其临床应用提供～定可行性依据。方法选取新鲜小牛腰椎（k），将标本分成4组：A组（正常试验组）、B组（腰椎减压非固定组）、C组（动态系统固定组）、D组（传统坚强钉棒系统固定组），5个标本按一定顺序依次在指定力学测试机器上进行生物力学试验，测定给定载荷下（500、1000、2000、3000、4000、5000N）小牛腰椎标本的形变量，并对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果首先对500N载荷下的形变量进行统计学分析．500N载荷下各组样本所在总体的方差齐（Levene值为1．923，P=0．169〉0．05），ANOVA分析结果显示500N的负荷下各组形变量不全相同（F=90．251，P〈0．05），SNK法分析结果显示4组中任意2组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。测量结果显示在给定压力下B组标本形变量值均大于A组，C、D组标本的形变量值均大于A、B组，C组形变量均大于D组对应值，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对4组在1000N、2000N、3000N、4000N、5000N载荷下也做了同样的比较分析，得到类似的结果。结论新设计的动态固定系统分散了应力的集中，稳定了腰椎，一定程度保留了固定腰椎节段的运动，承载了部分固定邻近节段的负荷，固定有效。Objective To design a kind of new dynamic screw system, evaluate its biomechanical characteristics through biomechanical tests to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application. Methods Five pieces of fresh specimens of calf lumbar were selected, and divided into group A（experimental model of normal group）, group B（injury instability group）, group C （novel dynamic fixation system fixation group） and group D （traditional rigid fixation group）. The above four kinds of specimens were loaded successively in the sequence of group A, B, D and C on the testing machine, and the deformation of the sample-the displacement （mm） under the tested compression force （500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000, 5 000 N） were recorded with computer. The statistical analysis with the related data was performed. Results Under any given pressure load, the comparisons between any two groups got the same result of the homogeneity of variance test（P 〉0.05）, and under any given load the deformation volumes that of group B were greater than those of group A, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈0.05）, the deformation volumes of group C and D were greater than those of group A and B, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈0.05）. The deformation volumes of group C and D were different, the deformation volumes of group C were greater than those of group D, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The new dynamic screw system not only can avoid stress concentration, stabilize the spine, but also it can retains partial ROM of the fixed spinal segment, bear part of the load of the adjacent segments, so it is a safe and effective lumbar dynamic stabilization system.

关 键 词：动态椎弓根钉 腰椎 生物力学测试 小牛 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]